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Arginine
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'''Arginine''' or '''L-arginine''' is a complex, nitrogen-rich [[amino acid]] that is available as a nutritional supplement.<ref name="pubchem">{{Cite web | url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Arginine | title = Arginine | last = PubChem | website = pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en | access-date = 2021-03-05}}</ref><ref name="vanderPollch">{{Cite book | title = Guide to Nutritional Supplements | pages = 2-5|isbn=978-0-12-375661-9|edition= | volume = |language=en| title-link = | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_VjxiHvdlOQC&newbks=0&lpg=PA4&pg=PA4#v=snippet&f=true|access-date= | date = 2009-09-02| publisher = Academic Press | last = van der Poll | first = MCG | author-link = | last2 = Luiking | first2 = YC | author-link2 = | last3 = Dejong | first3 = CHC | author-link3 = | last4 = Soeters | first4 = PB | author-link4 = |veditors=|others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location=Oxford, UK|editor-last = Caballero|editor-first = Benjamin| editor1-link = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = |chapter=Amino Acids}}</ref> ==Purpose== Arginine is one of the 22 amino acids used by human cells to make proteins. Arginine also plays a role in many critical metabolic pathways. It is a precursor for nitric oxide (NO) when catalyzed by [[nitric oxide synthase]] (NOS) enzyme.<ref name="pubchem" /><ref name="vanderPollch" /> It is also a precursor to other amino acids and amino-acid derivitives including proline, citrulline, ornithine, [[creatine]], and agmatine. It also plays an essential role in the urea cycle, which removes nitrogen-containing waste from the body.<ref name="vanderPollch" /><ref name=":0" /> Thus, arginine has a role in many different bodily systems including protein metabolism, vasodilation, modulating the immune system, neurotransmission, ammonia detoxification, cell signaling and [[muscle]]s.<ref name="vanderPollch" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Morris | first = Sydney M. | author-link = | last3 = | author-link3 = | date = 2016 | title = Arginine Metabolism Revisited | url =https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/12/2579S/4589950 | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 146 | issue = 12 | pages = 2579S-2586S|doi=10.3945/jn.115.226621|pmc=|pmid=27934648|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Sources== The human body synthesizes arginine from the amino acid citrulline.<ref name="vanderPollch" /> ==Evidence == Arginine may help reduce [[fatigue]], and may help prevent or treat heart or [[circulatory system|circulatory diseases]].<ref name="pubchem" /> ==ME/CFS== ==Costs and availability == Available over the counter. ==Risks and safety == In a review summarizing current data on safety, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of oral arginine in adults, the authors concluded that, "Collectively, the data suggest that Arg supplementation is a safe and generally well-tolerated nutriceutical that may improve metabolic profiles in humans", (dosages and exceptions noted in report).<ref>{{Cite journal | last = McNeal | first = Catherine J | author-link = | last2 = Meininger | first2 = Cynthia J | author-link2 = | last3 = Reddy | first3 = Deepika | author-link3 = | last4 = Wilborn | first4 = Colin D | author-link4 = | last5 = Wu | first5 = Guoyao | author-link5 = | date = December 2016 | title = Safety and Effectiveness of Arginine in Adults |url =https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/12/2587S/4589981 | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 146 | issue = 12 | pages = 2587S-2593S|doi=10.3945/jn.116.234740 |pmc=|pmid=27934649|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>Β ==Learn more == *[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Arginine Arginine] - PubChem *[https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/12/2579S/4589950 Arginine metabolism] - Journal of Nutrition ==See also == *[[Methionine]] *[[Oxidative and nitrosative pathway]] (O&NS) *[[Nitric oxide hypothesis]] ==References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amino acids]] [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Immunomodulators]] [[Category:Vasodilators]]
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