Allergy: Difference between revisions

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An '''allergy''' is a long term condition in which the [[immune system]] mounts an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen.<ref name="aaaai-allergy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/allergies-overview| |title=Allergies Overview|last=|first=|authorlink=|date=|website=American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-10-20}}</ref> Allergic reactions vary in severity from relatively minor symptoms to [[anaphylaxis|life-threatening anaphylactic shock]].<ref name="aaaai-allergy" /> |title= |title=== Allergic reaction == |title=An allergic reaction occurs when the person's immune system produces [[Immunoglobulin E]] (IgE). When the person comes into contact with an allergen, the IgE travels to cells that release [[histamine]] and other chemicals; it is the histamine that causes the allergic reaction.<ref name="aaaai-allergy" /> |title= |title=A severe, systemic allergic reaction is called [[anaphylaxis]] or <span class="noglossary">anaphylactic shock</span>, and can be life-threatening.<ref name="Anaphylaxis-NHS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/| |title=Anaphylaxis|last=|first=|authorlink=|date=2017-10-20|website=[[National Health Service]]|language=en|access-date=2021-02-18}}</ref><ref name="definition">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anaphylactic+shock| |title=Definition of ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK|website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2021-02-18}}</ref> |title={{See also|Anaphylaxis}} |title= |title===Prevalence == |title= |title===Symptom recognition == |title=The onset of new allergies is a potential symptom of [[Long COVID]] in the [[World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria|World Health Organization]]'s definition.<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria">{{citation| |title=A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus |title=|date =Oct 6, 2021 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |title=|others=World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition |first1=Joan B. |last1=Soriano |first2=Maya |last2=Allan |first3=Carine |last3=Alsokhn |first4=Nisreen A. |last4=Alwan |author-link4=Nisreen Alwan |first5=Lisa |last5=Askie |first6=Hannah E. |last6=Davis |author-link6=Hannah Davis |first7=Janet V. |last7=Diaz |first8=Tarun |last8=Dua |first9=Wouter |last9=de Groote |first10=Robert |last10=Jakob |first11=Marta |last11=Lado |first12=John |last12=Marshall |first13=Srin |last13=Murthy |first14=Jacobus |last14=Preller |first15=Pryanka |last15=Relan |first16=Nicoline |last16=Schiess |first17=Archana |last17=Seahwag |title=|ref=WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1 |title=|url =https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1}}</ref> |title= |title=== Notable studies == |title=* 1988, Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Straus1988">{{Cite journal|last=Straus|first=S. E.|author-link=Stephen Straus|last2=Dale|first2=J. K.|author-link2=|last3=Wright|first3=R.|author-link3=|last4=Metcalfe|first4=D. D.|author-link4=|author-link5=|date=May 1988| |title=Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2836490|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=81|issue=5 Pt 1|pages=791–795|issn=0091-6749|pmid=2836490|quote=|via=}}</ref> |title=* 1998, Chronic fatigue syndrome: identification of distinct subgroups on the basis of allergy and psychologic variables<ref name="Borish1998">https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70090-9/fulltext</ref> [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70090-9/fulltext (Full text)] |title=* 2015, Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yang|first=Tse-Yen|author-link=|last2=Kuo|first2=Haung-Tsung|author-link2=|last3=Chen|first3=Hsuan-Ju|author-link3=|last4=Chen|first4=Chih-Sheng|author-link4=|last5=Lin|first5=Wei-Ming|author-link5=|last6=Tsai|first6=Shin-Yi|last7=Kuo|first7=Chua-Nan|last8=Kao|first8=Chia-Hung|date=Jul 2015| |title=Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200644|journal=Medicine|volume=94|issue=29|pages=e1211|doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000001211|issn=1536-5964|pmc=4603016|pmid=26200644|quote=|via=}}</ref> |title= |title=== See also == |title=* [[Food sensitivities]] |title=* [[Medicine sensitivities]] |title=* [[Mast cell activation syndrome]] |title=* [[Multiple chemical sensitivity]] |title=* [[Histamine]] |title= |title=== Learn more == |title=* 1999, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/01/990119104557.htm Allergies To Foods, Plants May Predict Chronic Fatigue Syndrome] - ScienceDaily |title=* 2019, [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/allergy-season-getting-longer-and-nastier-each-year-180971922/ Allergy Season Is Getting Longer and Nastier Each Year] - Smithsonian Magazine |title= |title===References== |title={{reflist}} |title= |title=[[Category:Diagnoses]] |title=[[Category:Immunology]] |title=[[Category:Immune signs and symptoms]] |title=[[Category:Potential comorbidities]] |title=[[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]]
An '''allergy''' is a long term condition in which the [[immune system]] mounts an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen.<ref name="aaaai-allergy">{{Cite web | url = https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/allergies-overview | title = Allergies Overview | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | website = American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | access-date = 2021-10-20}}</ref> Allergic reactions vary in severity from relatively minor symptoms to [[anaphylaxis|life-threatening anaphylactic shock]].<ref name="aaaai-allergy" />
 
== Allergic reaction ==
An allergic reaction occurs when the person's immune system produces [[Immunoglobulin E]] (IgE). When the person comes into contact with an allergen, the IgE travels to cells that release [[histamine]] and other chemicals; it is the histamine that causes the allergic reaction.<ref name="aaaai-allergy" />
 
A severe, systemic allergic reaction is called [[anaphylaxis]] or <span class="noglossary">anaphylactic shock</span>, and can be life-threatening.<ref name="Anaphylaxis-NHS">{{Cite web | url = https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaphylaxis/ | title = Anaphylaxis | last = | first = | author-link = | date = 2017-10-20 | website = [[National Health Service]]|language=en | access-date = 2021-02-18}}</ref><ref name="definition">{{Cite web | url = https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anaphylactic+shock | title = Definition of ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK | website = Merriam-Webster Dictionary|language=en | access-date = 2021-02-18}}</ref>
{{See also|Anaphylaxis}}
 
==Prevalence ==
 
==Symptom recognition ==
The onset of new allergies is a potential symptom of [[Long COVID]] in the [[World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria|World Health Organization]]'s definition.<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria">{{citation | title = A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus
| date =Oct 6, 2021 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | others = World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition | first1 = Joan B. | last1 = Soriano | first2 = Maya | last2 = Allan | first3 = Carine | last3 = Alsokhn | first4 = Nisreen A. | last4 = Alwan | author-link4 = Nisreen Alwan | first5 = Lisa | last5 = Askie | first6 = Hannah E. | last6 = Davis | author-link6 = Hannah Davis | first7 = Janet V. | last7 = Diaz | first8 = Tarun | last8 = Dua | first9 = Wouter | last9 = de Groote | first10 = Robert | last10 = Jakob | first11 = Marta | last11 = Lado | first12 = John | last12 = Marshall | first13 = Srin | last13 = Murthy | first14 = Jacobus | last14 = Preller | first15 = Pryanka | last15 = Relan | first16 = Nicoline | last16 = Schiess | first17 = Archana | last17 = Seahwag | ref = WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1 | url = https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1}}</ref>
 
== Notable studies ==
* 1988, Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Straus1988">{{Cite journal | last = Straus | first = S.E. | author-link = Stephen Straus | last2 = Dale | first2 = J.K. | author-link2 = | last3 = Wright | first3 = R. | author-link3 = | last4 = Metcalfe | first4 = D.D. | author-link4 = | author-link5 = | date = May 1988 | title = Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2836490 | journal = The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 81 | issue = 5 Pt 1 | pages = 791–795|issn=0091-6749|pmid=2836490|quote=|via=}}</ref>
* 1998, Chronic fatigue syndrome: identification of distinct subgroups on the basis of allergy and psychologic variables<ref name="Borish1998">https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70090-9/fulltext</ref> [https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70090-9/fulltext (Full text)]
* 2015, Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Yang | first = Tse-Yen | author-link = | last2 = Kuo | first2 = Haung-Tsung | author-link2 = | last3 = Chen | first3 = Hsuan-Ju | author-link3 = | last4 = Chen | first4 = Chih-Sheng | author-link4 = | last5 = Lin | first5 = Wei-Ming | author-link5 = | last6 = Tsai | first6 = Shin-Yi | last7 = Kuo | first7 = Chua-Nan | last8 = Kao | first8 = Chia-Hung | date = Jul 2015 | title = Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200644 | journal = Medicine | volume = 94 | issue = 29| pages = e1211|doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000001211|issn=1536-5964|pmc=4603016|pmid=26200644|quote=|via=}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Food sensitivities]]
* [[Medicine sensitivities]]
* [[Mast cell activation syndrome]]
* [[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
* [[Histamine]]
 
== Learn more ==
* 1999, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/01/990119104557.htm Allergies To Foods, Plants May Predict Chronic Fatigue Syndrome] - ScienceDaily
* 2019, [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/allergy-season-getting-longer-and-nastier-each-year-180971922/ Allergy Season Is Getting Longer and Nastier Each Year] - Smithsonian Magazine
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Diagnoses]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immune signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Potential comorbidities]]
[[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 15:29, April 3, 2023

An allergy is a long term condition in which the immune system mounts an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen.[1] Allergic reactions vary in severity from relatively minor symptoms to life-threatening anaphylactic shock.[1]

Allergic reaction[edit | edit source]

An allergic reaction occurs when the person's immune system produces Immunoglobulin E (IgE). When the person comes into contact with an allergen, the IgE travels to cells that release histamine and other chemicals; it is the histamine that causes the allergic reaction.[1]

A severe, systemic allergic reaction is called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, and can be life-threatening.[2][3]

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

Symptom recognition[edit | edit source]

The onset of new allergies is a potential symptom of Long COVID in the World Health Organization's definition.[4]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 1988, Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome[5]
  • 1998, Chronic fatigue syndrome: identification of distinct subgroups on the basis of allergy and psychologic variables[6] (Full text)
  • 2015, Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study[7]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Allergies Overview". American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  2. "Anaphylaxis". National Health Service. October 20, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  3. "Definition of ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  4. Soriano, Joan B.; Allan, Maya; Alsokhn, Carine; Alwan, Nisreen A.; Askie, Lisa; Davis, Hannah E.; Diaz, Janet V.; Dua, Tarun; de Groote, Wouter; Jakob, Robert; Lado, Marta; Marshall, John; Murthy, Srin; Preller, Jacobus; Relan, Pryanka; Schiess, Nicoline; Seahwag, Archana (October 6, 2021), A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition, World Health Organization
  5. Straus, S.E.; Dale, J.K.; Wright, R.; Metcalfe, D.D. (May 1988). "Allergy and the chronic fatigue syndrome". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 81 (5 Pt 1): 791–795. ISSN 0091-6749. PMID 2836490.
  6. https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70090-9/fulltext
  7. Yang, Tse-Yen; Kuo, Haung-Tsung; Chen, Hsuan-Ju; Chen, Chih-Sheng; Lin, Wei-Ming; Tsai, Shin-Yi; Kuo, Chua-Nan; Kao, Chia-Hung (July 2015). "Increased Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Following Atopy: A Population-Based Study". Medicine. 94 (29): e1211. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001211. ISSN 1536-5964. PMC 4603016. PMID 26200644.