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Active Hexose Correlated Compound
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'''Active hexose correlated compound''' (AHCC) is a supplement derived from shiitake mushrooms. It is rich in the polysaccharides [[alpha-glucan]] and [[beta-glucan]] and is a popular adjuvant cancer treatment in [[Japan]]. In animal studies, AHCC had antioxidant<ref name="suppressive2003" /> and anti-inflammatory<ref name="activehexose2014" /> effects. It may enhance host resistance to bacterial<ref name="prophylactic2003" /><ref name="klebsiella2003" /> and viral infections.<ref name="supplementation2006" /> == Immune modulation == === Natural killer cell function === In animal models, AHCC has been shown to increase [[Natural killer cell|NK]] activity.<ref name="supplementation2006" /> Other studies have found no significant increase in NK function.<ref name="immunological2008" /> == Cancer == ''In vitro'' and animal studies show AHCC may have anticancer effects.<ref name="H-22002" /><ref name="influence2007" /><ref name="mushroom2000" /><ref name="antitumor2015" /> In humans, there is some evidence that AHCC may prolong survival in liver cancer patients.<ref name="prognostic2006" /> ==References== <references> <ref name="suppressive2003">{{Citation| issn = 0024-3205| volume = 74 | issue = 5| pages = 593–602| last1 = Ye | first1 = She-Fang | last2 = Ichimura | first2 = Kaoru | last3 = Wakame | first3 = Koji | last4 = Ohe | first4 = Masato| title = Suppressive effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on the increased activity of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase induced by oxidative stress| journal = Life Sciences| date = 2003-12-19 | pmid = 14623030}}</ref> <ref name="activehexose2014">{{Citation| doi = 10.1002/mnfr.201400364| issn = 1613-4133| volume = 58 | issue = 12| pages = 2379–2382| last1 = Mascaraque | first1 = Cristina | last2 = Suárez | first2 = María Dolores | last3 = Zarzuelo | first3 = Antonio | last4 = Sánchez de Medina | first4 = Fermín | last5 = Martínez-Augustin | first5 = Olga | title = Active hexose correlated compound exerts therapeutic effects in lymphocyte driven colitis| journal = Molecular Nutrition & Food Research| date = December 2014 | pmid = 25186628}}</ref> <ref name="prophylactic2003">{{Citation| issn = 0916-4804| volume = 44 | issue = 2| pages = 127–131| last1 = Ikeda | first1 = Tatsuo | last2 = Ishibashi | first2 = Hiroko | last3 = Fujisaki | first3 = Ryuichi | last4 = Yamazaki | first4 = Masatoshi | last5 = Wakame | first5 = Kohji | last6 = Kosuna | first6 = Kenichi | last7 = Yamaguchi | first7 = Hideyo | last8 = Ono | first8 = Yasuo | last9 = Abe | first9 = Shigeru | title = [Prophylactic efficacy of a basidiomycetes preparation AHCC against lethal Candida albicans infection in experimental granulocytopenic mice]| journal = Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Medical Mycology | date = 2003 |pmid = 12748595}}</ref> <ref name="klebsiella2003">{{Citation| doi = 10.1152/japplphysiol.00259.2003| issn = 8750-7587| volume = 95 | issue = 2| pages = 491–496| last1 = Aviles | first1 = Hernan | last2 = Belay | first2 = Tesfaye | last3 = Fountain | first3 = Kimberly | last4 = Vance | first4 = Monique | last5 = Sun | first5 = Buxiang | last6 = Sonnenfeld | first6 = Gerald| title = Active hexose correlated compound enhances resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions| journal = Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)| date = August 2003 | pmid = 12692142}}</ref> <ref name="supplementation2006">{{Citation| issn = 0022-3166| volume = 136 | issue = 11| pages = 2868–2873| last1 = Ritz | first1 = Barry W. | last2 = Nogusa | first2 = Shoko | last3 = Ackerman | first3 = Elizabeth A. | last4 = Gardner | first4 = Elizabeth M.| title = Supplementation with Active Hexose Correlated Compound Increases the Innate Immune Response of Young Mice to Primary Influenza Infection| journal = The Journal of Nutrition| access-date = 2016-11-09| date = 2006-11-01| url = http://jn.nutrition.org/content/136/11/2868 | pmid = 17056815}}</ref> <ref name="immunological2008">{{Citation| doi = 10.1080/01635580801993280| issn = 0163-5581| volume = 60 | issue = 5| pages = 643–651| last1 = Terakawa | first1 = Naoyoshi | last2 = Matsui | first2 = Yoichi | last3 = Satoi | first3 = Sohei | last4 = Yanagimoto | first4 = Hiroaki | last5 = Takahashi | first5 = Kanji | last6 = Yamamoto | first6 = Tomohisa | last7 = Yamao | first7 = Jun | last8 = Takai | first8 = Soichiro | last9 = Kwon | first9 = A.-Hon | last10 = Kamiyama | first10 = Yasuo| title = Immunological Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial| journal = Nutrition and Cancer| access-date = 2016-11-09| date = 2008-09-05| url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635580801993280 | pmid = 18791928}}</ref> <ref name="H-22002">{{Citation| issn = 0258-851X| volume = 16 | issue = 1| pages = 49–54| last1 = Yagita | first1 = Akikuni | last2 = Maruyama | first2 = Syoji | last3 = Wakasugi | first3 = Shinji | last4 = Sukegawa | first4 = Yasushi | title = H-2 haplotype-dependent serum IL-12 production in tumor-bearing mice treated with various mycelial extracts| journal = In Vivo (Athens, Greece)| date = February 2002 | pmid = 11980361}}</ref> <ref name="influence2007">{{Citation| doi = 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.031| issn = 0041-008X| volume = 222 | issue = 2| pages = 152–158| last1 = Hirose | first1 = Aya | last2 = Sato | first2 = Eri | last3 = Fujii | first3 = Hajime | last4 = Sun | first4 = Buxiang | last5 = Nishioka | first5 = Hiroshi | last6 = Aruoma | first6 = Okezie I.| title = The influence of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on cisplatin-evoked chemotherapeutic and side effects in tumor-bearing mice| journal = Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | date = 2007-07-15 | pmid = 17555784}}</ref> <ref name="mushroom2000">{{Citation| issn = 1089-5159| volume = 5 | issue = 1| pages = 4–27| last = Kidd | first = P.M. |title = The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment| journal = Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic| date = February 2000 | pmid = 10696116}}</ref> <ref name="antitumor2015">{{Citation| doi = 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.2.129| issn = 1976-1457| volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 129–136| last1 = Cao | first1 = Zhiyun | last2 = Chen | first2 = Xuzheng | last3 = Lan | first3 = Lan | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Zhideng | last5 = Du | first5 = Jian | last6 = Liao | first6 = Lianming| title = Active hexose correlated compound potentiates the antitumor effects of low-dose 5-fluorouracil through modulation of immune function in hepatoma 22 tumor-bearing mice| journal = Nutrition Research and Practice| access-date = 2016-11-09| date = April 2015 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388943/| pmid = 25861418| pmc = 4388943}}</ref> <ref name="prognostic2006">{{Citation| issn = 0125-877X| volume = 24 | issue = 1| pages = 33–45| last1 = Cowawintaweewat | first1 = Suwanna | last2 = Manoromana | first2 = Suphon | last3 = Sriplung | first3 = Hutcha | last4 = Khuhaprema | first4 = Thiravud | last5 = Tongtawe | first5 = Pongsri | last6 = Tapchaisri | first6 = Pramuan | last7 = Chaicumpa | first7 = Wanpen| title = Prognostic improvement of patients with advanced liver cancer after active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) treatment| journal = Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16913187}}</ref> </references> [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]]
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