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5-Hydroxytryptophan
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'''5-Hydroxytryptophan''' (5-HTP) is a precursor to the [[neurotransmitter]] [[serotonin]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Theory== The reaction that causes 5-HTP to become serotonin requires the action of the [[enzyme]] [[aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase]] (AADC). | [[Vitamin B6|Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] is also required as a cofactor.<ref name=":1" /> The same enzyme catalyzes a number of other reactions,<ref name=":1">{{cite web | title = AADC | url = http://www.hmdb.ca/proteins/HMDBP00278 | website = Human Metabolome database|access-date = May 1, 2018}}</ref> including: * L-DOPA to [[dopamine]] * L-[[phenylalanine]] to phenethylamine * L-[[tyrosine]] to tyramine * L-histidine to [[histamine]] * L-[[tryptophan]] to tryptamine 5-HTP has been shown to increase serotonin levels in the central nervous system.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Turner | first = Erick H | last2 = Loftis | first2 = Jennifer M | last3 = Blackwell | first3 = Aaron D | date = 2006 | title = Serotonin a la carte: Supplementation with the serotonin precursor5-hydroxytryptophan | url =https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58h866d5 | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 109 | issue = 3|via=}}</ref> ==Evidence== Reports about serotonin levels in [[ME/CFS]] patients are mixed. One study hypothesized, based off of their findings on [[tryptophan]], that ME/CFS patients fell into two groups: a group with high [[brain]] serotonin, and a group with normal serotonin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Badawy AAB| first = AAB | last2 = Morgan | first2 = CJ | last3 = Llewelyn | first3 = MB | last4 = Albuquerque | first4 = SRJ | last5 = Farmer | first5 = A | date = 2005 | title = Heterogeneity of serum tryptophan concentration and availability to the brain in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15982993?dopt=Abstract | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 385–391|via=}}</ref> Multiple studies have found high, low, or normal serotonin, due either to different diagnostic criteria or ME/CFS subgroups.<ref name=":0" /> ==Risks and safety== Because 5-HTP increases brain serotonin, users are at risk for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome serotonin syndrome] if they also take other medications which increase brain serotonin,<ref name="webmd">{{cite web | title = 5-HTP Uses, Side effects, Interactions, Doses, and Warnings |url =https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-794/5-htp | website = WebMD | access-date = 29 May 2018}}</ref>. Medications which come under this category and which are commonly taken be ME/CFS patients include: * [[Antidepressant|Anti-depressant]] drugs * Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, and others) * [[Tramadol]] (Ultram) Other medications, including other supplements, may also increase brain serotonin - make sure you tell your pharmacist and your doctor if you are taking 5-HTP. ==Costs and availability== ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxytryptophan Wikipedia - 5-Hydroxytryptophan] ==See also== *[[Serotonin]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amino acids]] [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Depression alternative treatments]] [[Category:Depression treatments]]
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