1937 Erstfeld outbreak: Difference between revisions

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In July 1937, 130 of 930 soldiers stationed in the small town of Erstfeld, [[Switzerland]] became ill with what the time was thought to be "[[Abortive poliomyelitis]]."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Parish|first=JG| |date=1978| |title=Early outbreaks of 'epidemic neuromyasthenia'|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/370810|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|volume=54|pages=711-7|via=}}</ref> |date= |date=== Onset == |date=Four days after training commenced the troops were all wet through on a field exercise. Two days later, a case of [[poliomyelitis]] occurred among them and although this case was at once diagnosed and removed to hospital. This was followed within twelve days by six cases with [[meningeal]] and [[myelitic]] symptoms, 16 purely meningeal cases and 108 with symptoms involving inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The incubation period was 4-7 days.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Stahel|first=H| |date=July 1937| |title=An Epidemie of Poliomyelitis among Swiss Troops at Erstfeld from July 18 to 30, 1937, with a Large Number of Abortive Cases|url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19382701151|journal=Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift|volume=68|pages=86-91|via=}}</ref> |date= |date=== Symptoms == |date= |date=Of the 130 cases, 83 percent were had systemic symptoms and were regarded as abortive poliomyelitis<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />; 12% had meningeal involvement (involvement of the lining of the brain and spinal cord); and 5% developed encephalomyelitis with [[paresis]] ([[muscle weakness]] caused by nerve damage or disease or partial paralysis).<ref name=":0" /> |date= |date=Symptoms<ref name=":0" /> included: |date= |date=* Sweating |date=* Sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli |date=* Diminished muscle tone was noted in those who complained of sharp pain in their legs. |date= |date=== Findings == |date=The cerebrospinal fluid was normal.<ref name=":0" /> |date= |date=== Epidemiology == |date=This outbreak was notable for its high attack rate: 14% of soldiers were affected, as compared to 1.3% for a confirmed poliomyelitis outbreak in 1936.<ref name=":1" /> (This was a common feature of [[epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis]] that distinguished it from polio outbreaks.) |date= |date=The troops had been recruited in Zurich, where a case of the disease was reported on July 11th. The epidemic did not spread to any citizens of the town. A similar epidemic was recorded in September, 1937, less than three months later, in the women's section of a [[1937 St. Gallen outbreak | St. Gallen hospital]], Switzerland, less than 200 km or 125 miles away from Erstfeld.<ref name=":0" /> |date= |date=== Prognosis == |date=The meningeal and upper respiratory forms cleared up in 2-5 days and all cases recovered within five weeks. There were no deaths and no residual paralysis.<ref name=":1" />  |date= |date===See also== |date= |date=* [[1937 St. Gallen outbreak]] |date=* [[1939 Degersheim outbreak]] |date= |date=*[[Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis]] |date=*[[List of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome outbreaks]] |date= |date===References== |date={{Reflist}} |date=[[Category:Outbreaks]] |date=[[Category:Outbreaks in the 1930s]] |date=[[Category:Outbreaks in Switzerland]] |date=[[Category:History]]
In July 1937, 130 of 930 soldiers stationed in the small town of Erstfeld, [[Switzerland]] became ill with what the time was thought to be "[[Abortive poliomyelitis]]."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Parish|first=JG|date=1978|title=Early outbreaks of 'epidemic neuromyasthenia'|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/370810|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|volume=54|pages=711-7|via=}}</ref>
 
== Onset ==
Four days after training commenced the troops were all wet through on a field exercise. Two days later, a case of [[poliomyelitis]] occurred among them and although this case was at once diagnosed and removed to hospital. This was followed within twelve days by six cases with [[meningeal]] and [[myelitic]] symptoms, 16 purely meningeal cases and 108 with symptoms involving inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The incubation period was 4-7 days.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Stahel|first=H|date=July 1937|title=An Epidemie of Poliomyelitis among Swiss Troops at Erstfeld from July 18 to 30, 1937, with a Large Number of Abortive Cases|url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19382701151|journal=Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift|volume=68|pages=86-91|via=}}</ref>
 
== Symptoms ==
 
Of the 130 cases, 83 percent were had systemic symptoms and were regarded as abortive poliomyelitis<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />; 12% had meningeal involvement (involvement of the lining of the brain and spinal cord); and 5% developed encephalomyelitis with [[paresis]] ([[muscle weakness]] caused by nerve damage or disease or partial paralysis).<ref name=":0" />
 
Symptoms<ref name=":0" /> included:
 
* Sweating
* Sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli  
* Diminished muscle tone was noted in those who complained of sharp pain in their legs.
 
== Findings ==
The cerebrospinal fluid was normal.<ref name=":0" />
 
== Epidemiology ==
This outbreak was notable for its high attack rate: 14% of soldiers were affected, as compared to 1.3% for a confirmed poliomyelitis outbreak in 1936.<ref name=":1" /> (This was a common feature of [[epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis]] that distinguished it from polio outbreaks.)
 
The troops had been recruited in Zurich, where a case of the disease was reported on July 11th. The epidemic did not spread to any citizens of the town. A similar epidemic was recorded in September, 1937, less than three months later, in the women's section of a [[1937 St. Gallen outbreak | St. Gallen hospital]], Switzerland, less than 200 km or 125 miles away from Erstfeld.<ref name=":0" />
 
== Prognosis ==
The meningeal and upper respiratory forms cleared up in 2-5 days and all cases recovered within five weeks. There were no deaths and no residual paralysis.<ref name=":1" /> 
 
==See also==
 
* [[1937 St. Gallen outbreak]]
* [[1939 Degersheim outbreak]]
 
*[[Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis]]
*[[List of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome outbreaks]]
 
==References==
 
[[Category:Outbreaks]]
[[Category:Outbreaks in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Outbreaks in Switzerland]]
[[Category:History]]
<references />

Revision as of 20:02, May 11, 2022

In July 1937, 130 of 930 soldiers stationed in the small town of Erstfeld, Switzerland became ill with what the time was thought to be "Abortive poliomyelitis."[1]

Onset

Four days after training commenced the troops were all wet through on a field exercise. Two days later, a case of poliomyelitis occurred among them and although this case was at once diagnosed and removed to hospital. This was followed within twelve days by six cases with meningeal and myelitic symptoms, 16 purely meningeal cases and 108 with symptoms involving inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The incubation period was 4-7 days.[2]

Symptoms

Of the 130 cases, 83 percent were had systemic symptoms and were regarded as abortive poliomyelitis[1][2]; 12% had meningeal involvement (involvement of the lining of the brain and spinal cord); and 5% developed encephalomyelitis with paresis (muscle weakness caused by nerve damage or disease or partial paralysis).[1]

Symptoms[1] included:

  • Sweating
  • Sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli
  • Diminished muscle tone was noted in those who complained of sharp pain in their legs.

Findings

The cerebrospinal fluid was normal.[1]

Epidemiology

This outbreak was notable for its high attack rate: 14% of soldiers were affected, as compared to 1.3% for a confirmed poliomyelitis outbreak in 1936.[2] (This was a common feature of epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis that distinguished it from polio outbreaks.)

The troops had been recruited in Zurich, where a case of the disease was reported on July 11th. The epidemic did not spread to any citizens of the town. A similar epidemic was recorded in September, 1937, less than three months later, in the women's section of a St. Gallen hospital, Switzerland, less than 200 km or 125 miles away from Erstfeld.[1]

Prognosis

The meningeal and upper respiratory forms cleared up in 2-5 days and all cases recovered within five weeks. There were no deaths and no residual paralysis.[2] 

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Parish, JG (1978). "Early outbreaks of 'epidemic neuromyasthenia'". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 54: 711–7.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Stahel, H (July 1937). "An Epidemie of Poliomyelitis among Swiss Troops at Erstfeld from July 18 to 30, 1937, with a Large Number of Abortive Cases". Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. 68: 86–91.
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