Toll-like receptor 4

TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) is one of ten toll-like receptors.

TLR4 is upregulated in ME/CFS patients.

Infection
Coxsackie B4 triggers TLR4 on human pancreatic cells, TLR4 knock-out mice infected with Coxsackie B3 showed reduced myocarditis and viral replication.

Potential treatments
Low-dose naltrexone (LDN), lithium, and oxymatrine inhibit microglial activation via TLR4.