Brain fog

Brain fog manifests as impaired working memory and concentration accompanied by difficulty processing complex information.

It is a type of cognitive impairment experienced by ME/CFS patients. Fibromyalgia patients often refer to it as "fibro-fog".

Causes
Brain fog is a common symptom of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but can also be caused - or worsened by:
 * hypocalcemia - low levels of calcium in the blood, which also causes fatigue and many other symptoms
 * seizures
 * brain fog is common in people with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes, as is ME/CFS

Prevalence

 * Katrina Berne reports a prevalence of 75-100% for confusion and inability to think clearly.

Notable studies
"Our case study confirmed the pattern of dysregulation in the cortex reviewed in the introduction. Furthermore, since both periods of phase shift/lock durations were found to be significantly shorter, that might contribute to an increased rate of phase reset, also seen in our data. Phase reset deregulation--phase locking periods being too brief and phase reset happening too often—appear to be consistent with the associated lower rate of information processing and reaction times found in the ME and CFS literature. These deregulated states represent the brain during nonoptimal functioning, rendering it inefficient for most types of information processing functioning, whether it is executive functioning, memory, perceptual reasoning or information processing speed. When phase lock is significantly less than normal, as in this data set, the ability of the brain to sustain commitment of resources to mediate different functions is severely compromised. Phase shift duration in this data is also hypoactive, meaning that significantly less neurons are being recruited to perform a function than normal. The results here indicate slowed verbal comprehension, executive functions, perceptual reasoning, processing speed and memory, the sum total of which is known as cognitive impairment."
 * 2013, What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome
 * 2016, qEEG / LORETA in Assessment of Neurocognitive Impairment in a Patient with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Report




 * 2018, Cognitive Impairment in Fibromyalgia: A Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Studies

Learn more

 * Aug 20, 2013, Brain Fog in ME/CFS: What’s Going On?
 * Feb 7, 2016, Case Study: “Brain Fog” in CFS can be seen in qEEG/Loreta


 * Mar 21, 2018, Study Identifies the Types of Cognitive Dysfunction That Are Most Prevalent in Fibromyalgia

"According to the Marshall Pathogenesis, cognitive dysfunction is caused by microbe s. More severe forms of cognitive dysfunction are seen in diseases such as Alzheimer's, diseases for which there is strong evidence of a bacteria l etiology. Often associated with chronic fatigue syndrome,1) cognitive dysfunction is also seen in patients with multiple sclerosis,2) depression,3) fibromyalgia,4) and dozens of others diseases."
 * Cognitive dysfunction (brain fog)