File:Mesenchymal-stem-cell-effects.png

Title: (or description)
Immunomodulatory action of activated MSCs. Notes: Red arrow, stimulation; black arrow, suppression; blunt-ended arrow, direct inhibition.

Abbreviations: iDC, immature dendritic cell; IL, interleukin; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; PGE-2, prostaglandin E2; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; NO, nitric oxide; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cell; Treg, T regulatory; Th, T helper cell; CTL, cytotoxic T cell; mDC, mature dendritic cell; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; NK, Natural killer cell. Source: Zachar et al. [97].

Author: (or citation)
Victoria Moreno-Manzano and Elisa Oltra García (November 5th 2018). Culturing Adult Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapeutics: Neuroimmune Applications, Cell Culture, Radwa Ali Mehanna, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80714

Figure 4

Source: (e.g. internet address)
https://www.intechopen.com/books/cell-culture/culturing-adult-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapeutics-neuroimmune-applications