Coxsackievirus B4

Coxsackievirus B4 is a Coxsackie B enterovirus that belong to the Picornaviridae family.

Coxsackievirus B4 has a cell tropism for natural killer cells and pancreatic islet cells.

Type 1 Diabetes
Several studies have suggested a relationship between Coxsackie B4 and the onset of Type 1 diabetes.

A study of patients with Type 1 Diabetes found that Coxsackie B4 was found to infect the β cells in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas and cause inflammation mediated by natural killer cells.

Treatment
Several compounds have been found in in vitro or animals studies to have antiviral activity for Coxsackie B4 including arbidol, Yakammaoto, raoulic acid , emodin Epimedium, and Azadirachta indica (Neem). However, none of these compounds have been evaluated in human trials.