Butyrate

Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid produced in the large intestine by the fermentation of dietary fiber by commensal bacteria and is an important source of energy for colon cells.

It has been studied for its possible benefits in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), the mucosal immune system, intestinal motility, hemoglobinopathies, genetic metabolic diseases, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and insulin resistance, and ischemic stroke.

It decreases intestinal permeability.

Sodium phenylbutyrate may increase peroxisome proliferation and the β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

Butyrate may down regulate the expression of nine genes involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the intestine.

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 * 2016, Top 21 Science-Based Health Benefits Of Butyrate And Its Derivatives