Aphasia

Aphasia is a communication disorder. It results from damage or injury to language parts of the brain. It affects the ability to speak, read, or write. It is more common to older adults, in particular those who have suffered a stroke. Head trauma, brain tumors, or infections can also impact these same language parts of the brain.

The Types of Aphasia are: Global aphasia, Broca's aphasia ('non-fluent aphasia'), Mixed non-fluent aphasia, Wernickes aphasia ('fluent aphasia'), Anomic aphasia, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and other varieties.

In order to distinguish Dysphagia (trouble with swallowing) and Dysphasia (language disorder) the medical world often calls Dysphasia by the name Aphasia. However, while Aphasia tends to "affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written", with Dysphasia you will have those symptoms and trouble listening and doing numeral calculations.

Aphasia and ME/CFS
Aphasia, Dysphasia, and Word-finding problems in general are also comorbidities of ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia. However, neither ME/CFS or Fibromyalgia patients have been researched for this language impairment.

Presentation
Communication can be nearly impossible or very mild. The ability to retrieve names or objects, to put words together into sentences, or to read can all be affected. "More commonly, however, multiple aspects of communication are impaired, while some channels remain accessible for a limited exchange of information."

Prevalence
Approximately 1 million people, 1 in 250 in the United States in 2015, are living with Aphasia. There are 180,000 new cases annually. There are no significant differences of incidence in men and women. However, there may be differences by type and severity of aphasia as "Wernicke’s aphasia and global aphasia occur more commonly in women, and Broca's aphasia occurs more commonly in men." Fifteen percent under the age of 65 experience aphasia after their first ischemic stroke but 43% for individuals age 85 and older.

Presentation
The main symptoms of aphasia include


 * Trouble speaking
 * Struggling with finding the appropriate term or word
 * Using strange or inappropriate words in a conversation

It can also present when a patient has trouble understanding what others are saying, particularly when the person is tired or in a crowded or loud environment. Although thinking skills are not affected, the patient may have problems understanding written material and have difficulties with handwriting. Using numbers and doing simple calculations can also be a problem.

Possible causes
Some possible causes are:


 * Stroke
 * Brain injury
 * Brain tumors
 * Brain infection
 * Dementia such as Alzheimer's
 * Epilepsy or other neurological disorder

Other causes:


 * Degenerative process
 * Memory problems or confusion

Temporary episodes can occur due to:


 * Migraines
 * Seizures
 * Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Potential treatments
Speech and language rehabilitation is usually a relatively slow process and although progress can be significant, "few people regain full pre-injury communication levels."

It is important the therapy start early. Groups settings let patients try out their communication skills. Conversations, speaking in turn, clarifying misunderstandings, and fixing conversations are practiced in a safe setting.

Currently, there are no medications to treat Aphasia but there are some studies looking into their use.

Learn more

 * Language Impairment in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome via Verywell FMS/CFS