Graded exercise therapy

Graded exercise therapy (GET) is a form of physical therapy for the management of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) where physical activity is gradually increased over time. It is a treatment offered to ME/CFS patients in the UK by the National Health Service (NHS) as specified in the NICE guidelines. The use of Graded Exercise Therapy as a treatment is based on the disputed deconditioning hypothesis, and the highly controversial biopsychosocial model of ME/CFS.

Patient reports of harm
Clinical trials have resulted in mixed results. Surveys of patients conducted by patient charities have universally found Graded Exercise Therapy to be harmful, although a minority of patients found it helped them or simply ineffective. A number of severely ill patients have reported that starting Graded Exercise Therapy will moderate symptoms cause a severe escalation of symptoms, leaving them permanently worse. Two highly influential peer-reviewed articles often used to support the use of Graded Exercise Therapy, the Cochrane review and the PACE trial, have had widescale calls for retraction based on criticism of the scientific method and standards used.

Physical fitness unchanged
A number of studies by proponents of GET have found that it did not improve fitness, when self-rated perception of fatigue did improve after GET, no improvements in exercise capacity were statistically significant. The controversial PACE trial's 6 minute walk test results showed those successfully completing GET were unable to walk as far as older patients awaiting a lung transplant or those with heart failure; data that was omitted from the original trial report.

Patient analysis of PACE results
Graham McPhee and others created videos investigating the PACE trial data in relation to GET. Several re-analyses of the PACE trial results have been published since the detailed PACE trial data was released into the public domain.

Fear of exercise
The PACE trial investigators have stated that they believe a significant maintaining factor in the persistence of ME/CFS is fear of exercise. This claim as been criticized as unsupported by trial results. A study by Nijs et al. in 2004 concluded:

Criticism

 * 2010, At the Invest in ME International ME Conference Doctor Paul Cheney said "The whole idea that you can take a disease like this and exercise your way to health is foolishness. It is insane".


 * 2011, Reporting of Harms Associated with Graded Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome


 * 2011, Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: group cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise versus usual treatment. A randomised controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up (Full)
 * 2015, ME/CFS Illness Management Survey Results “No decisions about me without me”


 * 2016, Do graded activity therapies cause harm in chronic fatigue syndrome?


 * 2016, Can patients with chronic fatigue syndrome really recover after graded exercise or cognitive behavioural therapy? A critical commentary and preliminary re-analysis of the PACE trial
 * 2018, Rethinking the treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
 * 2018, Graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective and unsafe. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review

Notable studies

 * 2004, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Lack of Association between Pain-Related Fear of Movement and Exercise Capacity and Disability
 * 2009, A review on cognitive behavorial therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) / chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): CBT/GET is not only ineffective and not evidence-based, but also potentially harmful for many patients with ME/CFS
 * 2016, Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
 * 2016, Neurocognitive improvements after best-practice intervention for chronic fatigue syndrome: Preliminary evidence of divergence between objective indices and subjective perceptions.
 * 2017, PACE investigators' response is misleading regarding patient survey results (Full)
 * 2018, Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 * July 3, 2017, the CDC's Chronic Fatigue Syndrome page has been changed to "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)" and GET and CBT recommendations have been removed.

Learn more

 * Wikipedia - Graded Exercise Therapy"
 * NHS Graded Exercise Therapy Booklet - A self-help guide for those with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis