Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik, BSc (Hons), PhD, is co-director (alongside Professor Donald Staines of the National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED) at Griffith University in Australia. Her expertise is in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis with particular focus on Natural Killer Cell function and signalling pathways, T regulatory and B cell phenotypes and cytokine production, and transcriptional profiling and gene expression. In her studies, she compares the changes of the different cells of the immune system in relation to the severity of the disease.

She is one of the authors of the 2011 case definition, International Consensus Criteria.

Marshall-Gradisnik is on the Board of Directors of the International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

Biomarker Patent
In 2015, Griffith University filed for a patent for a biological marker (Patent Publication number WO2016023077 A1) for the diagnosis and management of ME and CFS. Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik and Ekua Brenu are listed as the inventors. The application states: "The present invention resides broadly in the use of at least one miRNA as a biological marker for identifying or diagnosing a subject having CFS and/or ME."

Notable studies

 * 2016, Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study"'Abstract: Purpose - To examine progressive brain changes associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Materials and Methods - We investigated progressive brain changes with longitudinal MRI in 15 CFS and 10 normal controls (NCs) scanned twice 6 years apart on the same 1.5 Tesla (T) scanner. MR images yielded gray matter (GM) volumes, white matter (WM) volumes, and T1‐ and T2‐weighted signal intensities (T1w and T2w). Each participant was characterized with Bell disability scores, and somatic and neurological symptom scores. We tested for differences in longitudinal changes between CFS and NC groups, inter group differences between pooled CFS and pooled NC populations, and correlations between MRI and symptom scores using voxel based morphometry. The analysis methodologies were first optimized using simulated atrophy. Results We found a significant decrease in WM volumes in the left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in CFS while in NCs it was unchanged (family wise error adjusted cluster level P value, P FWE < 0.05). This longitudinal finding was consolidated by the group comparisons which detected significantly decreased regional WM volumes in adjacent regions (P FWE < 0.05) and decreased GM and blood volumes in contralateral regions (P FWE < 0.05). Moreover, the regional GM and WM volumes and T2w in those areas showed significant correlations with CFS symptom scores (P FWE < 0.05). Conclusion - The results suggested that CFS is associated with IFOF WM deficits which continue to deteriorate at an abnormal rate.'"
 * 2016, Regulatory T, natural killer T and γδ T cells in multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a comparison. "'Results: We observed significant increase in Tregs in the CFS/ME group (p≤0.005) compared with the healthy controls group. Total γδ and γδ2 T cells were significantly reduced in the MS patients in comparison with the healthy controls group. Conversely, CD4+iNKT percentage of iNKT, was significantly increased in the CFS/ME group compared with healthy controls and double negative iNKT percentage of iNKT significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls group. Conclusion: This study has not identified immunological disturbances that are common in both MS and CFS/ME patients. However differential expression of cell types between the conditions investigated suggests different pathways of disease. These differences need to be explored in further studies.'"
 * 2016, Novel characterisation of mast cell phenotypes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients
 * 2016, Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype and Haplotype Investigation of Natural Killer Cells from an Australian Population of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients
 * 2015, Cytokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
 * 2015, Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients
 * 2015, Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients "'Conclusions: Severe CFS/ME patients differed from controls and moderate CFS/ME patients over time and expressed significant alterations in iNKT cell phenotypes, CD8+T cell markers, NK cell receptors and γδT cells at 6 months. This highlights the importance of further assessing these potential immune biomarkers longitudinally in both moderate and severe CFS/ME patients.'"
 * 2015, Characterisation of cell functions and receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)"'Conclusions: This study was the first to show significant differences in a number of receptors in NK, CD4+T and CD8+T cells in CFS/ME suggesting dysregulation in NK cell cytotoxic activity, receptor regulation and potentially cell adherence. Consistent with previous literature, our research suggests that CFS/ME patients have immunological dysregulation in the innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also highlighted significant differences in NK, CD4+T and CD8+T cells between moderate and severe CFS/ME patients, suggesting severity subgroups may have distinct immune perturbations and consequently aetiology. Further studies examining severity subgroups of CFS/ME patients may therefore contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanism associated with the illness.'"
 * 2013, The role of clinical guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in research settings. Abstract

Open Letter to The Lancet
Two open letters to the editor of The Lancet urged the editor to commission a fully independent review of the PACE trial, which the journal had published in 2011. In 2016, Dr. Marshall-Gradisnik, along with 41 colleagues in the ME/CFS field, signed the second letter.
 * 10 February 2016, An open letter to The Lancet, again - Virology blog

Clinic location
NCNED is located at Griffith University on the Gold Coast, in Queensland, Australia.

Talks & interviews

 * 2016, Australian scientists make breakthrough in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome testing
 * 2015, Speaker at the 10th Invest in ME International ME Conference DVD available(no speech title given)]
 * 2014, "Professor Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Australia's foremost expert on chronic fatigue syndrome" interviewed on ABC Gold Coast
 * 2014, Speaker at the 9th Invest in ME International ME Conference DVD available(no speech title given)]
 * 2012, Speaker at the 7th Invest in ME International ME Conference DVD available(no speech title given)]
 * 2012, Keynote address by Prof Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik at Emerge Australia (formerly ME/CFS Australia (Victoria)) Awareness Week

Online presence

 * PubMed - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
 * Griffith University - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
 * National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases

Learn more

 * 2016, News Article - "Closer to a Full Understanding of chronic fatigue syndrome"
 * 2014, "Gold Coast’s Griffith University to lead way in the battle against chronic fatigue"