Tryptase

Tryptase is an enzyme that is released, along with histamine and other chemicals, from mast cells when they are activated as part of a normal immune response as well as in allergic (hypersensitivity) responses. Serum tryptase is one of tests used to aid in the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome, anaphylaxis and mastocystosis.

Tryptase released by mast cells may be involved in cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis.

Tryptase activates metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). A mouse model of viral myocarditis found elevated tryptase and MMPs. Other infections, including Q fever, have been associated with elevated tryptase levels.

A genetics study found increased copy numbers of the TPSAB1 gene, which encodes alpha tryptase, in a group of families with dysautonomia/POTS, Ehlers-Danlos Sydnrome and mast cell activation syndrome.

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 * One Gene Mutation Links Three Mysterious, Debilitating Diseases, Mental Floss. 2016.