Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone or PQQ occurs normally in human tissue and certain plants, and is available as a natural supplement. PQQ is believed to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.

Potential uses
No established uses, although it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and may help with mitochondrion dysfunction and help modulate energy metabolism.

Cusack Protocol
The Cusack Protocol, which was devised for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome involves using eight different supplements, including PQQ.

Evidence
No clinical trials of PQQ have involved ME/CFS patients.

Risks and safety
Based on limited studies, PQQ appears to be safe, although this has not been confirmed in patients with ME/CFS.

Costs and availability
PQQ is available over the counter.

Notable studies

 * 2018, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Disease: Treatment with Membrane Lipid Replacement and Other Natural Supplements - (Book chapter)
 * 2013, Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects - (Full text)]

Learn more

 * Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects - Harris et al. (2013)