File:Enterovirus VP1 & dsRNA in stomach, Chia 2015. 400px.png

Description
Stomach tissue samples (stained brown) to detect non-cytolytic enterovirus in patients with functional dyspepsia. From the article: Figure 1. Staining for VP1 and dsRNA in stomach biopsies of two functional dyspepsia patients. Panels A and B demonstrate positive staining for VP 1 with 5D8/1 mAb and dsRNA with J2 mAb, respectively for patient 1 (brown colored cells, 100× magnification); panels C and D showed the same for patient 2. Results: At the time of EGD, careful inspection of the stomach of FD patients with or without ME/CFS, demonstrated focal or rarely diffuse, erythematous areas in the antrum in approximately 80% of patients, and less often in the body/fundus of the stomach. Microscopic examinations demonstrated minimal or mild chronic inflammation in more than 95% of biopsy samples but H. pylori was identified in less than 5% of samples by immunochemical staining.Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated enterovirus VP1 in 343/416 (82%) and 53/66 (83%) of the stomach biopsies from FD patients with and without ME/CFS, respectively, and dsRNA in 268/ 416 (64%) and 41/65 (63%) in the two patient cohorts, respectively (Figure 1). 9/47 (19%) and 5/46 (11%) of the controls stained positive for VP1 and dsRNA, respectively (p < 0.01, χ2 test with Yates correction). Functional dyspepsia (FD) patients with and without the diagnosis of ME/CFS, and were able to support the viral protein staining with finding of double-stranded RNA in 63% of the same stomach biopsies by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, we clarified the possible cross-reaction with creatine kinase brain subtype (CKB), present in parietal cells, using antibody competition experiments and western blot analysis of stomach proteins. Viral protein+ and dsRNA+ biopsies were infectious in SCID mice. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of enterovirus infection of the stomach associated with FD and chronic gastritis.

Author
Chia, J. K., Chia, A. Y., Wang, D., & El-Habbal, R. (2015). Functional Dyspepsia and Chronic Gastritis Associated with Enteroviruses. Open Journal of Gastroenterology. 5(4):21. Fig. 1. doi:10.4236/ojgas.2015.54005.

Source
http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-1900264_55465.htm