Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (aka mtDNA or mDNA) is DNA located within the mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA is different from the DNA found in the cell nucleus in that it is most often inherited from the mother, whereas the DNA in the cell nucleus is inherited equally from both parents. Seventeen people in three unrelated families have been identified as having mitochondrial DNA from both their parents. A 1996 study suggested that this could happen due to the midpiece mitochondrial sheath of sperm enters the egg at fertilization.

Mitochondrial DNA in relation to ME/CFS
In 2016, a study by Billing-Ross, et al, showed that ME/CFS subjects exhibited no known disease-causing mtDNA mutations. Likewise, there was no increase in susceptibility to ME/CFS of individuals carrying particular mitochondrial genetic material or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in ME/CFS cases indicated that individuals of several genetic population groups (haplogroups J, U and H) or carrying eight specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more likely to exhibit similar types and severity of symptoms, namely neurological, inflammatory, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms.

Learn more

 * Wikipedia - Mitochondrial DNA
 * 2016, Mitochondrial DNA Variations May Spur Symptoms in People with Form of Chronic Fatigue
 * 2016, "Evaluating the involvement of mtDNA variants in patients diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis" by HC van Dyk
 * 2018, Not Your Mom’s Genes: Mitochondrial DNA Can Come from Dad
 * 1996, Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution (Full Text)