Migraine

Migraine headaches commonly occur in people with ME/CFS. In a 2011 study by Ravindran, et al, migraine headaches were found in 84%, and tension-type headaches in 81% of a cohort of CFS patients. This compared to 5% and 45%, respectively, in a cohort of healthy controls.

Presentation
Migraine without aura is defined by the following diagnostic criteria outlined in The International Classification Of Headache Disorders, 2 edition: at least 5 episodes lasting 4 to 72 hr (untreated or unsuccessfully treated) with at least 2 of the following criteria: (i) unilateral location; (ii) pulsating quality; (iii) moderate to severe pain intensity; and (iv)  aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity. During the headache either nausea with or without vomiting, or photophobia and phonophobia must occur.

Potential treatments

 * Avoiding consumption of nitrates and tyramine
 * Daith piercing

Notable studies

 * 2011, Migraine headaches in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): comparison of two prospective cross-sectional studies.
 * 2013, Migraine in gulf war illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: Prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation. (Full Text)
 * 2016, Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort (Full Text)

Learn more

 * 19 May 2018"The Migraine Drug Explosion Begins: Could Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS Benefit?"
 * 18 Oct 2016, Migraines could be caused by gut bacteria, study suggests The Guardian