Adrenergic receptor

The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).

Alpha adrenergic receptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors or adrenergic receptors, also known as α-ARs or α-AdRs.
 * α1-AR
 * α2-AR

Beta adrenergic receptors
Beta adrenergic or β adrenergic receptors are also known as β-ARs or β AdR.
 * β1-AdR
 * β2-AdR
 * β3-AdR

ME/CFS
In 2015, a relatively large German study found 29% of ME/CFS patients had elevated autoantibodies to M3 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as ß2 adrenergic receptors. In 2020, a small Sweden study confirmed these results in two different patient cohorts, but did not find a relationship between adrenergic receptors and the severity of ME.

Notable studies

 * 2016, Antibodies to β adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - (Full Text)
 * 2020, Autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) patients – A validation study in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from two Swedish cohorts - (Full text)

News articles and blogs

 * 2015, Autoantibodies found in subset of CFS patients - #MEAction

Learn more

 * Beta-Adrenergic Receptors, from Their Discovery and Characterization through Their Manipulation to Beneficial Clinical Application