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== Epidemiology == While prevalence rates for MCS vary according to the diagnostic criteria used,<ref name="pmid30088144" /><ref>{{Cite book | chapter=1.1.2 Studies on the prevalence of MCS in other countries|isbn=978-0-9807221-4-7|url=http://test.nicnas.gov.au/Media/Latest_News/MCS.asp|title=A Scientific Review of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Identifying Key Research Needs|date=2010 | last =National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme | last2=Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Health|location=Canberra, Australia|dead-url=y|archive-date=Nov 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org.au/awa/20160615131255mp_/https://www.nicnas.gov.au/__data/assets/word_doc/0015/17223/MCS-Final-Report-for-publication-November-2010-hardcopy-version.docx}}</ref> the condition is reported across industrialized countries and the data suggests it affects women more than men.<ref name="Rossi2018" /><ref name="pmid30088144" /><ref name="Valderrama2015" /><ref name="Carress2004">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Caress SM, Steinemann AC|date=May 2004|title=Prevalence of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: A Population-Based Study in the Southeastern United States|journal=Am J Public Health|volume=94|issue=5|pages=746β747|pmc=1448331|pmid=15117694|doi=10.2105/ajph.94.5.746|url=https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.94.5.746}}</ref><ref name="Berg2008">{{Cite journal | last =Berg| first = Nikolaj Drimer | last2=Linneberg | first2=Allan | last3 = Dirksen | first3 = Asger | last4 = Elberling | first4 = Jesper|date=2008-07-01|title=Prevalence of self-reported symptoms and consequences related to inhalation of airborne chemicals in a Danish general population|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0282-0|journal=International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health|language=en|volume=81|issue=7|pages=881β887|doi=10.1007/s00420-007-0282-0|issn=1432-1246}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last =Andersson | first = Linus | last2=Johansson | first2=Γ ke | last3 = Millqvist | first3 = Eva | last4 = Nordin | first4 = Steven | last5 = Bende | first5 = Mats|date=2008-10-01|title=Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory hyperreactivity in teenagers|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463908000199|journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health|language=en|volume=211|issue=5|pages=690β697|doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.02.002|issn=1438-4639}}</ref> The most extensive epidemiological study into MCS in the U.S. was in 2005.<ref name="Steinemann2005">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/AEOH.58.6.300-305 | last =Steinemann AC.|title=A national population study of the prevalence of multiple chemical sensitivity|journal=Arch Environ Health |date=2005|volume=59|issue=6)|pages=300-5}}</ref> It found that the national prevalence rate for MCS diagnosed by a doctor was 2.5% and self-reported MCS was 11.2%.<ref name="Steinemann2005" /><ref>{{Cite journal | last =Caress | first = SM | last2=Steinemann | first2=AC|date=2009-02-01|title=Asthma and chemical hypersensitivity: prevalence, etiology, and age of onset|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233709102713|journal=Toxicology and Industrial Health|language=en|volume=25|issue=1|pages=71β78|doi=10.1177/0748233709102713|issn=0748-2337}}</ref> In 2018, the same researchers reported that the prevalence rate of diagnosed MCS had increased by more than 300% and self-reported chemical sensitivity by more than 200% in the previous decade.<ref name="Steinemann2018" /> They found that 12.8% of those surveyed reported medically diagnosed MCS and 25.9% reported having chemical sensitivities.<ref name="Steinemann2018" /> A 2014 study by the Canadian Ministry of Health estimated, based on its survey, that 0.9% of Canadian males and 3.3% of Canadian females had a diagnosis of MCS by a health professional.<ref name=":7" /><ref>Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2014, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Share File, Statistics Canada.</ref> In Denmark, the Ministry of the Environment estimated in 2004 that 10% of the population was sensitive to certain everyday chemicals and that 1% of the population had MCS to a level that was disabling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoamica.it/danimarca-nuovo-codice-per-la-mcs/|title=Danimarca: nuovo codice per la MCS | last = | first = |authorlink= | last2= | first2= | authorlink2=|date=2014|website=|language=it-IT|trans-title=Denmark: A new code for MCS|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> While a 2018 study at the University of Melbourne found that 6.5% of Australian adults reported having a medical diagnosis of MCS and that 18.9% reported having adverse reactions to multiple chemicals.<ref name=":50">{{Cite journal | last =Pigatto | first = Paolo D. | last2=Guzzi | first2=Gianpaolo|date=2019-06-01|title=Prevalence and risk factors for multiple chemical sensitivity in Australia|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335519300415|journal=Preventive Medicine Reports|language=en|volume=14|pages=100856|doi=10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100856|issn=2211-3355}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite news|url=https://about.unimelb.edu.au/newsroom/news/2018/july/common-chemical-products-making-australians-sick-study-finds|title=Common chemical products making Australians sick, study finds | last = | first = |date=Jul 2, 2018|work=The University of Melbourne Newsroom|access-date=Nov 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335518300457 Steinemann A. Prevalence and effects of multiple chemical sensitivities in Australia. ''Prev Med Rep'' 2018; 10: 191-4.</ref> The study also found that for 55.4% of those with MCS, the symptoms triggered by chemical exposures could be disabling.<ref name=":21" /><ref name="Steinemann2018" /> These findings show that in the above countries MCS is not a rare condition.
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