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William Carter
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'''William A. Carter''', MD, is the inventor of [[Ampligen]], short for “AMPLIfied GENetic activity,” a drug being tested for use in the treatment of [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS). Dr. Carter was a researcher at John Hopkins University and Hahnemann University in the 1970's, where he was able to modify a potential cancer drug to reduce its toxicity, thus creating [[Ampligen]]. <ref>http://pomerantzlawfirm.com/assets/complaints/hemispherx.pdf</ref><ref>http://phoenixrising.me/treating-cfs-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me/immune/antivirals-and-immunemodulators/ampligen-rintatolimod/ampligen-i-effectiveness</ref> Dr. Carter obtained the license for [[Ampligen]] from John Hopkins University and affiliated with the small company, Hemispherx, now called [[Hemispherx Biopharma]] in 1978 to manufacture it.<ref>http://pomerantzlawfirm.com/assets/complaints/hemispherx.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2016/02/19/philly-biotech-hemispherx-fires-ceo-william-carter.html</ref> Once the long-time CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors for Hemispherx Biopharma, he was terminated from his position in January 2016 as the result of a "strong financial austerity plan."<ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2016/02/19/philly-biotech-hemispherx-fires-ceo-william-carter.html</ref> ==Notable studies== *1994, A controlled clinical trial with a specifically configured RNA drug, poly(I).poly(C12U), in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Strayer,1994" /> *2007, Cross-Protection against H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection Is Afforded by Intranasal Inoculation with Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine<ref>Takeshi Ichinohe, Shin-ichi Tamura, Akira Kawaguchi, Ai Ninomiya, Masaki Imai, Shigeyuki Itamura, Takato Odagiri, Masato Tashiro, Hidehiro Takahashi, Hirofumi Sawa, William M. Mitchell, David R. Strayer, William A. Carter, Joe Chiba, Takeshi Kurata, Tetsutaro Sata and Hideki Hasegawa. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 196, No. 9 (Nov. 1, 2007), pp. 1313-1320. Url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30086851</ref> *2012, A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial of the TLR-3 agonist rintatolimod in severe cases of chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Strayer, 2012" /> *2015, [https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/low-nk-cell-activity-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-and-relationship-to-symptom-severity-2155-9899-1000348.php?aid=59415 Low NK Cell Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Relationship to Symptom Severity]<ref name="strayer2015" /> *2015, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Characteristics of Responders to Rintatolimod.<ref name="Strayer, 2015" /> ==References== <references> <ref name="Strayer,1994">{{Citation | last1 = Strayer | first1 = DR | authorlink1 = David Strayer | last2 = Carter | first2 = WA | authorlink2 = William Carter | last3 = Brodsky | first3 = I | authorlink3 = | last4 = Cheney | first4 = P | authorlink4 = Paul Cheney | last5 = Peterson | first5 = D | authorlink5 = Daniel Peterson | last6 = Salvato | first6 = P | authorlink6 = | last7 = Thompson | first7 = C | authorlink7 = | last8 = Loveless | first8 = M | authorlink8 = | last9 = Shapiro | first9 = DE | authorlink9 = | last10 = Elsasser | first10 = W | authorlink10 = | title = A controlled clinical trial with a specifically configured RNA drug, poly(I).poly(C12U), in chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 18 | issue = Suppl 1 | page = S88-95 | date = 1994 | pmid = 8148460 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8148460 }}</ref> <ref name="Strayer, 2012">{{Citation | last1 = Strayer | first1 = DR | authorlink1 = David Strayer | last2 = Carter | first2 = WA | authorlink2 = William Carter | last3 = Stouch | first3 = BC | authorlink3 = | last4 = Stevens | first4 = SR | authorlink4 = Staci Stevens | last5 = Bateman | first5 = L | authorlink5 = Lucinda Bateman | last6 = Cimoch | first6 = PJ | authorlink6 = | last7 = Lapp | first7 = CW | authorlink7 = Charles Lapp | last8 = Peterson | first8 = DL | authorlink8 = Daniel Peterson | last9 = CFS AMP-516 Study Group | last10 = Mitchell | first10 = WM | authorlink10 = William Mitchell | title = A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial of the TLR-3 agonist rintatolimod in severe cases of chronic fatigue syndrome. | journal = PLoS One | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | page = e31334 | date = 2012 | pmid = 22431963 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0031334 }}</ref> <ref name="Strayer, 2015">{{Citation | last1 = Strayer | first1 = David R | authorlink1 = David Strayer | last2 = Stouch | first2 = Bruce C | authorlink2 = | last3 = Stevens | first3 = Staci R. | authorlink3 = Staci Stevens | last4 = Bateman | first4 = Lucinda | authorlink4 = Lucinda Bateman | last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles W | authorlink5 = Charles Lapp | last6 = Peterson | first6 = Daniel L | authorlink6 = Daniel Peterson | last7 = Carter | first7 = William A | authorlink7 = William Carter | last8 = Mitchell | first8 = William M | authorlink8 = William Mitchell | display-authors = | title = Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Characteristics of Responders to Rintatolimod | journal = Journal of Drug Research and Development | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | date = 8 August 2015 | doi = 10.16966/2470-1009.103 | url = https://sciforschenonline.org/journals/drug/article-data/JDRD-1-103/JDRD-1-103.pdf }}</ref> <ref name="strayer2015">{{Citation| doi = 10.4172/2155-9899.1000348| issn = 2155-9899| pages = 1–9| last1 = Strayer | first1 = David | last2 = Scott | first2 = Victoria | last3 = Carter | first3 = William| title = Low NK Cell Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Relationship to Symptom Severity| journal = Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology | date = 2015-07-29| url = http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/low-nk-cell-activity-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs-and-relationship-to-symptom-severity-2155-9899-1000348.php?aid=59415}}</ref> </references> [[Category:Researchers]] [[Category:US researchers]]
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