Vagus nerve infection hypothesis: Difference between revisions
(expanded sentence on sickness response.) |
(expanded) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The '''Vagus Nerve Infection Hypothesis''' (VNIH) proposes that the symptoms of [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] are caused by an infection of the [[vagus nerve]]. | The '''Vagus Nerve Infection Hypothesis''' (VNIH) proposes that the symptoms of [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] are caused by an infection of the [[vagus nerve]]. | ||
In 2013, [[Michael VanElzakker]], a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School, published the hypothesis.<ref name=" | In 2013, [[Michael VanElzakker]], a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School, published the hypothesis.<ref name="VanElzakker2013"/> | ||
The vagus nerve is responsible for the [[sickness response]], an involuntary response characterized by fatigue, fever, myalgia, depression, and other symptoms that are often observed in patients with CFS.<ref>http://hhv-6foundation.org/news/cfs-a-herpesvirus-infection-of-the-vagus-nerve</ref> | The [[vagus nerve]], also called the tenth cranial nerve, starts in the brain and runs down the trunk of the body, with branches innervating the major organs.<ref>http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1875813-overview</ref> It is responsible for the [[sickness response]], an involuntary response characterized by fatigue, fever, myalgia, depression, and other symptoms that are often observed in patients with CFS.<ref>http://hhv-6foundation.org/news/cfs-a-herpesvirus-infection-of-the-vagus-nerve</ref> | ||
==Theory== | ==Theory== | ||
VanElzakker believes that any infectious agent with an affinity for nerve tissues can cause a vagus nerve infection, including [[HHV-6]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[Varicella zoster virus]], [[chicken pox]], certain kinds of [[enterovirus]]es and even [[Borrelia]], the bacterium that causes [[Lyme disease]]. He thinks this could explain why no single infective agent has been isolated as the cause of [[CFS]], even though all of these agents have been associated with disease.<ref name="lowhistchef-vnih"/> | As explained by Dr. VanElzakker: "The vagus nerve infection hypothesis of CFS contends that CFS symptoms are a pathologically exaggerated version of normal sickness behavior that can occur when sensory vagal ganglia or paraganglia are themselves infected with any virus or bacteria.... [The] glial cells can bombard the sensory vagus nerve with proinflammatory cytokines and other neuroexcitatory substances, initiating an exaggerated and intractable sickness behavior signal. According to this hypothesis, any pathogenic infection of the vagus nerve can cause CFS, which resolves the ongoing controversy about finding a single pathogen.<ref name="VanElzakker2013"/> | ||
VanElzakker believes that any infectious agent with an affinity for nerve tissues can cause a vagus nerve infection, including [[HHV-6]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[Varicella zoster virus]], [[chicken pox]], certain kinds of [[enterovirus]]es and even [[Borrelia]], the bacterium that causes [[Lyme disease]]. He thinks this could explain why no single infective agent has been isolated as the cause of [[CFS]], even though all of these agents have been associated with disease.<ref name="lowhistchef-vnih"/> | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
| Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
==Notable studies== | ==Notable studies== | ||
*2016: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216300584 Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref name="Barnden2016"/> | *2016: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216300584 Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]<ref name="Barnden2016"/> | ||
*2013, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790471 Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: a psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis.]<ref name="VanElzakker2013"/> | |||
==Learn more== | ==Learn more== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 43: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="VanElzakker2013">{{citation | ||
| last1 = Van | | last1 = Van Elzakker | first1 = MB | authorlink1 = Michael Van ElZakker | ||
| title = Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: a psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis | | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: a psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis | ||
| journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | page = 414-423 | | journal = Medical Hypotheses | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | page = 414-423 | ||
Revision as of 15:14, August 11, 2016
The Vagus Nerve Infection Hypothesis (VNIH) proposes that the symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are caused by an infection of the vagus nerve.
In 2013, Michael VanElzakker, a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School, published the hypothesis.[1]
The vagus nerve, also called the tenth cranial nerve, starts in the brain and runs down the trunk of the body, with branches innervating the major organs.[2] It is responsible for the sickness response, an involuntary response characterized by fatigue, fever, myalgia, depression, and other symptoms that are often observed in patients with CFS.[3]
Theory[edit | edit source]
As explained by Dr. VanElzakker: "The vagus nerve infection hypothesis of CFS contends that CFS symptoms are a pathologically exaggerated version of normal sickness behavior that can occur when sensory vagal ganglia or paraganglia are themselves infected with any virus or bacteria.... [The] glial cells can bombard the sensory vagus nerve with proinflammatory cytokines and other neuroexcitatory substances, initiating an exaggerated and intractable sickness behavior signal. According to this hypothesis, any pathogenic infection of the vagus nerve can cause CFS, which resolves the ongoing controversy about finding a single pathogen.[1]
VanElzakker believes that any infectious agent with an affinity for nerve tissues can cause a vagus nerve infection, including HHV-6, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella zoster virus, chicken pox, certain kinds of enteroviruses and even Borrelia, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. He thinks this could explain why no single infective agent has been isolated as the cause of CFS, even though all of these agents have been associated with disease.[4]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Notable studies[edit | edit source]
- 2016: Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[5]
- 2013, Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: a psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis.[1]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- 2016: Vagus Nerve Infection Hypothesis and the Driscoll Theory
- 2013, Article about Michael VanElzakker and his theory on the HHV-6 Foundation Website
- Michael VanElzakker quotes Louis Pasteur in reference to the Vagus Nerve Infection Hypothesis: "The germ is nothing; the terrain is everything."
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
<references>
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Van Elzakker, MB (September 2013), "Chronic fatigue syndrome from vagus nerve infection: a psychoneuroimmunological hypothesis" (PDF), Medical Hypotheses, 81 (3): 414-423, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.034, PMID 23790471
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1875813-overview
- ↑ http://hhv-6foundation.org/news/cfs-a-herpesvirus-infection-of-the-vagus-nerve
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ykelenstam, Yasmina; Van ElZakker, MB (December 8, 2015), "Harvard Neuroscientist Dr. Michael Van ElZakker: Chronic Fatigue Vagus Nerve Link", The Low Histamine Chef (interview)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Barnden, LR; Kwiatek, R; Crouch, B; Burnet, R; Del Fante, P (2016), "Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", NeuroImage: Clinical, 11: 530-537, doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.017
