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Taurine
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'''Taurine''' or '''2-aminoethanesulfonic acid''' or '''Tau''' is non-essential amino acid, meaning dietary sources are not needed and it can be created by the body from other [[amino acid]]s.<ref name="Lopez2022">{{Cite book | title = Biochemistry, Essential Amino Acids | date = 2022 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557845/ | last =Lopez | first = Michael J. | last2 = Mohiuddin | first2 = Shamim S.|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=32496725}}</ref><ref name="Shao2008" /> Taurine, [[methionine]], [[cysteine]] and [[homocysteine]] are the sulphur-containing amino acids.<ref name="Shao2008" /> ==Potential uses == Taurine is has a number of functions in skeletal [[muscle]], in the retina of the eyes, and in the [[central nervous system]]. Taurine supports the digestion of dietary fat and may also be relevant to fat metabolism.<ref name="Germain2018">{{Cite journal | last =Germain | first = Arnaud | authorlink = Arnaud Germain | last2 = Ruppert | first2=David | author-link2 = | last3 = Levine | first3 = Susan M. | author-link3 = Susan Levine | last4 = Hanson | first4 = Maureen R. | authorlink4 = Maureen Hanson | authorlink5 = | date = Dec 2018 | title = Prospective Biomarkers from Plasma Metabolomics of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Implicate Redox Imbalance in Disease Symptomatology|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/8/4/90|journal=Metabolites|language=en|volume=8|issue=4 | pages = 90|doi=10.3390/metabo8040090|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Theory== ==Evidence== ==Clinicians== ==Risks and side effects== Clinical trials of taurine supplements have not been carried out for ME/CFS patients, so side effects and safety is largely unknown. In healthy people, side effects of taurine have not been established, but supplemental intakes of up to 3 grams per day have been found to be safe.<ref name="Shao2008">{{Cite journal | title = Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, l-glutamine and l-arginine | date = 2008-04-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027323000800010X|journal=Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology|volume=50|issue=3|pages=376β399 | last =Shao | first = Andrew | last2 = Hathcock | first2 = John N.|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.004|issn=0273-2300}}</ref> ==Costs and availability== Taurine is widely available and inexpensive, it is found in different foods including shellfish and dark meat, and non-animal sources of taurine are also sold as nutritional supplements or added to [[Caffeine#Energy_drinks|energy drinks]], gum or snacks. {{See also|Caffeine#Energy_drinks|page_name=Energy_drinks}} ==See also== *[[Caffeine|Caffeine and energy drinks]] *[[Amino acid]] ==Learn more== * ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Medicinal foods]] [[Category:Amino acids]]
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