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Susceptibility to viruses
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'''Increased susceptibility to [[virus|viral infections]] with prolonged recovery periods''' is a diagnostic criteria for [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] in the [[International Consensus Criteria]].<ref name="ICC2011primer"/> and '''recurrent [[flu-like symptoms]]''' to a diagnostic criteria in the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] for ME/CFS (although this doesn't restrict the cause to viruses).<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison C. | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip| authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref> ==Prevalence== De Becker et al. (2001) found that 69% of people meeting the [[Fukuda criteria]] and 80% meeting the older [[Holmes criteria]] for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] had recurrent [[flu-like symptoms]], although this may not have been due to frequently catching viruses.<ref name="DeBecker2001">{{cite journal | last1 = De Becker | first1 = P | authorlink1 = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = N | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = K | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | title = A definition-based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 250 | issue = 3 | page = 234-240 | date = Sep 2001| pmid = 11555128 | url =http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11555128 }}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== '''Increased susceptibility to [[virus|viral infections]] with prolonged recovery periods''' is a diagnostic criteria for [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] in the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC) in the ''immune, gastro-intestinal & genitourinary impairment symptoms'' section.<ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf}}</ref><br> A separate ICC diagnostic criteria is '''flu-like symptoms may be recurrent or chronic and typically activate or worsen with exertion''' which may result from causes other than new viruses, for example persistent [[enterovirus]] infection or immune system abnormalities.<ref name="ICC2011primer"/> The Canadian Consensus Criteria include the diagnostic criterion of '''recurrent flu-like symptoms''' as one of the possible ''immune manifestations'' criteria.<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC"/> ==Notable studies== *2001, A definition-based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="DeBecker2001"/> - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11555128 (Full text)] ==Possible causes== Increased susceptibility to viruses or frequent infections (including bacterial infections) which take a long time to recover from may also be a result of [[malnutrition]], which may be caused by a poor diet, conditions causing maladsorption of nutrients, or altered nutritional needs caused by certain illnesses (e.g., cancer, or HIV).<ref name="BDA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/malnutrition.html | title = Malnutrition | last = | first = | author-link =| date = |website=British Dietetic Association|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref><ref name="NHS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malnutrition/symptoms/ | title = Malnutrition β Symptoms | last = National Health Service | first = | authorlink = National Health Service | date = 2017-10-23 | website = National Health Service|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Malnutrition]] *[[Healthy, balanced diet]] *[[Enterovirus]] ==Learn more== <!-- *Outside articles: e.g. WebMD, Merck Manual, or ScienceDirect --> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Immune signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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