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Sleep dysfunction
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==Treatment== Treatment can include: *perscription drugs *[[Cannabinoid|cannabiniods]] (CBD) *alternative natural remedies including [[chamomile]], [[kava]], [[hops]], [[lavender]], [[lemon balm]], and [[passiflora]] (passion flower), and [[valerian]]; kava and valerian have the most evidence *over-the-counter [[melatonin]] or sedating anti-histamines like [[diphenhydramine]] *[[vitamin B12]] *relaxation techniques e.g., [[meditation]] *good [[sleep hygiene]] practices.<ref name="Gyllenhaal2000">{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy and safety of herbal stimulants and sedatives in sleep disorders|date=2000-06-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108707929990093X|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|volume=4|issue=3|pages=229β251|last=Gyllenhaal|first=Charlotte|last2=Merritt|first2=Sharon L.|last3=Peterson|first3=Sara Davia|last4=Block|first4=Keith I.|last5=Gochenour|first5=Tom|doi=10.1053/smrv.1999.0093|issn=1087-0792}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhury2019">{{Cite journal|title=Chronic Insomnia: A Review|date=May 2019|url=https://journals.lww.com/mjdy/Fulltext/2019/12030/Chronic_Insomnia__A_Review.3.aspx|journal=Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University|volume=12|issue=3|pages=193|last=Chaudhury|first=Suprakash|last2=Singh|first2=Rakesh Kumar|last3=Kumari|first3=Dolly|last4=Diwan|first4=Chetan|last5=Mujawar|first5=Swaleha|last6=Saldanha|first6=Daniel|language=en-US|doi=10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_76_19|issn=2589-8302}}</ref> Medications, including: *[[:Category:Benzodiazepines|Benzodiazepines]] (benzos), e.g. [[temazepam]], [[Valium]] (diazepam)<ref name="SACFS-survey">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacfs.asn.au/news/2014/02/02_28_survey_results_insomnia.htm | website = ME/CFS South Australia Inc | title = Survey results - insomnia |access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref> *[[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics]], commonly known as z-drugs, e.g. [[zopiclone]], [[Ambien]] (zolpidem) *Sedating [[antidepressant]]s, particularly [[amitriptyline]] *Sedating [[:Category:Antihistamines|anti-histamines]], e.g., [[diphenhydramine]] (Benadryl) *[[Melatonin]], either on prescription or as a supplement<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work | title = Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work?|website=hopkinsmedicine.org|language=en|access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref> *Anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin and valproic acid *Other medications, when used off-label<ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf }}</ref> Supplements and natural remedies include:<dynamicpagelist> category = Sleep aids and hypnotics category = Supplements ordermethod=sortkey order=ascending mode=inline-list </dynamicpagelist>
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