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Sleep dysfunction
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==Prevalence== *Depending on the criteria used for diagnosis, prevalence can vary greatly. *In a 2001 Belgian study, 91.9% of patients meeting the [[Fukuda criteria]] and 94.8% of patients meeting the [[Holmes criteria]], in a cohort of 2073 [[chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] patients, reported sleep disturbances.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first=Pascale | authorlink = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3=Kenny | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = December 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=250|issue=3|pages=234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> *A 2017 study by Davidson, et al, found up to 96.8% of people with CFS report [[unrefreshing sleep]] and many describe changes in sleep over the course of their illness.<ref name="Davidson, 2017" /> According to the published evidence, the mean prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with CFS is '''estimated at 56%.'''<ref>{{Cite journal | date = 2018-07-01 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome and sleep disorders: Clinical associations and diagnostic difficulties|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580818300038|journal=Neurología (English Edition)|language=en|volume=33|issue=6|pages=385–394|doi=10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.11.020|issn=2173-5808}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Year !N !Prevalence !Sleep disorders included |- |Krupp et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Krupp | first = Lauren B. | last2 = Jandorf | first2 = L. | last3 = Coyle | first3 = P.K. | last4 = Mendelson | first4 = W.B. | date = 1993-05-01 | title = Sleep disturbance in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022399993901342|journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research|language=en|volume=37|issue=4|pages=325–331|doi=10.1016/0022-3999(93)90134-2|issn=0022-3999}}</ref> |1993 |16 |62% |OSAHS, PLMD, narcolepsy, hypersomnia |- |Morriss et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Morriss | first = R. | last2 = Sharpe | first2 = M. | last3 = Sharpley | first3 = A.L. | last4 = Cowen | first4 = P.J. | last5 = Hawton | first5 = K. | last6 = Morris | first6 = J. | date = 1993-05-01 | title = Abnormalities of sleep in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome.|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/306/6886/1161|journal=British Medical Journal|language=en|volume=306|issue=6886|pages=1161–1164|doi=10.1136/bmj.306.6886.1161|issn=0959-8138|pmid=8499816}}</ref> |1993 |12 |58% |Maintenance insomnia |- |Buchwald et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Buchwald | first=Dedra | last2 = Pascualy | first2 = Ralph | last3 = Bombardier | first3=Charles | last4 = Kith | first4 = Phalla | date = 1994-01-01 | title = Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Fatigue|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S68|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=18|issue=Supplement_1|pages=S68–S72|doi=10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s68|issn=1537-6591}}</ref> |1994 |59 |81% |OSAHS, hypersomnia |- |Le Bon et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Le Bon | first = O. | last2 = Fischler | first2 = B. | last3 = Hoffmann | first3=G. | last4 = Murphy | first4 = J.R. | last5 = De Meirleir | first5 = K. | last6 = Cluydts | first6 = R. | last7 = Pelc | first7 = I. | date = 2000 | title=How significant are primary sleep disorders and sleepiness in the chronic fatigue syndrome?|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11382899/|journal=Sleep research online: SRO|volume=3|issue=2 | pages = 43–48|issn=1096-214X|pmid=11382899}}</ref> |2000 |53 |46% |OSAHS |- |Fossey et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Fossey | first = Myrtis | last2 = Libman | first2 = Eva | last3 = Bailes | first3=Sally | last4 = Baltzan | first4 = Marc| last5 = Schondorf | first5 = Ronald | last6 = Amsel | first6 = Rhonda | last7 = Fichten | first7 = Catherine S. | date = 2004-12-01 | title = Sleep Quality and Psychological Adjustment in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-004-0004-y|journal=Journal of Behavioral Medicine|language=en|volume=27|issue=6|pages=581–605|doi=10.1007/s10865-004-0004-y|issn=1573-3521}}</ref> |2004 |37 |58% |OSAHS, narcolepsy |- |Reeves et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Reeves | first=William C. | last2 = Heim | first2 = Christine | last3 = Maloney | first3 = Elizabeth M. | last4 = Youngblood | first4 = Laura Solomon| last5 = Unger | first5 = Elizabeth R. | last6 = Decker | first6 = Michael J. | last7 = Jones | first7 = James F. | last8 = Rye | first8 = David B. | date = 2006-11-16 | title = Sleep characteristics of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and non-fatigued controls: results from a population-based study|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-6-41|journal=BMC Neurology|language=en|volume=6|issue=1 | pages = 41|doi=10.1186/1471-2377-6-41|issn=1471-2377|pmc = 1660569|pmid=17109739}}</ref> |2006 |43 |25% |OSAHS, PLMD |- |Majer et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Majer | first = Matthias | last2 = Jones | first2 = James F. | last3 = Unger | first3=Elizabeth R. | last4 = Youngblood | first4 = Laura Solomon| last5 = Decker | first5 = Michael J. | last6 = Gurbaxani | first6 = Brian | last7 = Heim | first7 = Christine | last8 = Reeves | first8 = William C. | date = 2007-12-05 | title = Perception versus polysomnographic assessment of sleep in CFS and non-fatigued control subjects: results from a population-based study|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-7-40|journal=BMC Neurology|language=en|volume=7|issue=1 | pages = 40|doi=10.1186/1471-2377-7-40|issn=1471-2377|pmc = 2231384|pmid=18053240}}</ref> |2007 |35 |30% |OSAHS, PLMD, ISS |- |Libman et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Libman | first = Eva | last2 = Creti | first2 = Laura | last3 = Baltzan | first3=Marcel | last4 = Rizzo | first4 = Dorrie| last5 = Fichten | first5 = Catherine S. | last6 = Bailes | first6 = Sally | date = 2009-10-26 | title = Sleep Apnea and Psychological Functioning in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359105309344895|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|language=en|doi=10.1177/1359105309344895}}</ref> |2009 |66 |68% |OSAHS |- |Creti et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Creti | first = Laura | last2 = Libman | first2 = Eva | last3 = Baltzan | first3=Marcel | last4 = Rizzo | first4 = Dorrie| last5 = Bailes | first5 = Sally | last6 = Fichten | first6 = Catherine S. | date = 2010-05-11 | title = Impaired Sleep in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: How Is It Best Measured?|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359105309355336|journal=Journal of Health Psychology|language=en|doi=10.1177/1359105309355336}}</ref> |2010 |49 |69% |OSAHS, PLMD |- | | | |65% |Chronic insomnia |- |''Mean'' | | |''56.2%'' | |}
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