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Serine
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[[File:L-serine amino acid.jpg|alt=Photo of a label of L-serine supplements|thumb]] '''L-serine''' is a non-essential amino acid which is a precursor to several other amino acids (including glycine and [[L-cysteine]], and of some cell membrane lipids.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = de Koning | first = Tom J | last2 = Snell | first2 = Keith | last3 = Duran | first3 = Marinus | last4 = Berger | first4 = Ruud | last5 = Poll-The | first5 = Bwee-Tien | last6 = Surtees | first6 = Robert | date = 2003-05-01 | title = L-serine in disease and development.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1223326/|journal=Biochemical Journal|volume=371|issue=Pt 3 | pages = 653β661|doi=10.1042/BJ20021785|issn=0264-6021|pmc=1223326|pmid=12534373}}</ref><ref name="Ito2014" /> Ito et al. 2014 report that it has an extensive role in protein synthesis and intracellular metabolism.<ref name="Ito2014" /> ==Potential uses == L-serine is of potential use for [[insomnia]] or [[Sleep dysfunction|sleeping problems]].<ref name="Ito2014" /> ==Theory== ==Evidence== Two small randomized double-blinded crossover studies (clinical trials) by Ito et al. (2014) found that a dose of 3g (3000mg) or L-serine improved sleep maintenance and reduced time until sleep compared to a placebo treatment.<ref name="Ito2014">{{Cite journal | last = Ito | first = Yukihiko | last2 = Takahashi | first2 = Satomi | last3 = Shen | first3 = Manzhen | last4 = Yamaguchi | first4 = Kohji | last5 = Satoh | first5 = Makoto | date = 2014-08-22 | title = Effects of L-serine ingestion on human sleep | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155056/|journal=SpringerPlus|volume=3|doi=10.1186/2193-1801-3-456|issn=2193-1801|pmc=4155056|pmid=25197619}}</ref> ==ME/CFS== A study by Huth et al. (2020) found increased levels of L-serine in the [[blood]] serum of ME/CFS patients compared to healthy controls, and decreased levels of serine in the urine of ME/CFS patients.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Huth | first = Teilah Kathryn | authorlink = Teilah Huth | last2 = Eaton-Fitch | first2 = Natalie | author-link2 = Natalie Eaton-Fitch | last3 = Staines | first3 = Donald | author-link3 = Donald Staines | last4 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first4 = Sonya | author-link4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = Dec 2020 | title = A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID)|url=https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-020-02356-2|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|pages=198|doi=10.1186/s12967-020-02356-2|issn=1479-5876|pmc = 7222338|pmid=32404171|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Risks and side effects== ==Costs and availability== L-serine is inexpensive and available over the counter as a capsule or powder. ==Learn more== *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155056/ Effects of L-serine ingestion on human sleep (2014)] ==See also== *[[L-cysteine]] *[[L-carnitine]] *[[Insomnia]] *[[Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Medicinal foods]] [[Category:Sleep aids and hypnotics]] [[Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics]] [[Category:Amino acids]]
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