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Psychosomatic illness
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{{Stub}}'''Psychosomatic''' or '''psychogenic illness''' refers to illness or symptoms of illness with no known physical cause, which is believed to be the entirely result of psychological factors, with no underlying biological cause.<ref name=":1" /> Psychosomatic medicine refers to the impact of medical illness on the minds, and the impact of psychological disorders on the body.<ref>{{Cite book | url =https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-22157-000| title = The American psychiatric publishing textbook of psychosomatic medicine | last = | first = |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.| year = 2005|isbn= | editor-last = Levenson | editor-first = JL|editor-link=Jim Levenson|location=Arlington, VA, US|pages=|chapter=|quote=|editor-last2=|editor-link2=}}</ref> [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]] are sometimes incorrectly referred to as psychomatic illnesses, or alternatively as [[medically unexplained physical symptoms]] (usually meaning partly physiological), by a number of clinicians or researchers, both in academic publications and the mainstream press, despite being classified as a [[:Category:Neurological diseases and disorders|neurological disease]], and [[:Category:Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders|musculoskeletal disease]] respectively.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.universitytimes.ie/2019/02/an-unhealthy-mind-can-lead-to-an-unhealthy-brain-lets-not-forget-that/| title = An Unhealthy Mind Can Lead to An Unhealthy Brain. Let’s Not Forget That | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = Feb 2019 | website = universitytimes.ie|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#| title = ICD-10 Version:2016 | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = |website=icd.who.int|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> == Psychologization == A number of different diseases were assumed to be psychomatic before medical science found biological evidence of abnormalities, this process of psychologization has previously affected patients with many different illnesses, including [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Lupus]], [[Multiple sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]], [[Lyme disease]] and [[AIDS]]. Significant harm can be caused by psychosomatic assumptions of an illness, in the case of AIDS, patients with AIDS were allowed to [[Blood donation|donate blood]] because it was assumed that no physical disease was present, which resulted in AIDS infections in people receiving the blood.<ref name=":0" /> == Notable articles == *1997, Chronic fatigue syndrome--a disease entity or an unspecified psychosomatic disorder? (in German)<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Albus | first = C. | author-link = C Albus | date = Dec 1997| title = [Chronic fatigue syndrome--a disease entity or an unspecified psychosomatic disorder?]|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9487622/|journal=Zeitschrift Fur Arztliche Fortbildung Und Qualitatssicherung|language=de|volume=91|issue=8 | pages = 717–721|issn=1431-7621|pmid=9487622|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9487622/ (Abstract - in English)] *2017, Contesting the psychiatric framing of ME/CFS<ref name="Spandler2017">{{Cite journal | last = Spandler | first=Helen | authorlink = Helen Spandler | last2 = Allen | first2 = Meg | authorlink2 = Meg Allen | date = Aug 16, 2017| title = Contesting the psychiatric framing of ME/CFS|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Helen_Spandler/publication/319157873_Contesting_the_psychiatric_framing_of_MECFS/links/599b082545851574f4ac5ba0/Contesting-the-psychiatric-framing-of-ME-CFS.pdf|journal=Social Theory & Health|language=en|volume=16|issue=2|pages=127–141|doi=10.1057/s41285-017-0047-0|issn=1477-8211|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Helen_Spandler/publication/319157873_Contesting_the_psychiatric_framing_of_MECFS/links/599b082545851574f4ac5ba0/Contesting-the-psychiatric-framing-of-ME-CFS.pdf (Full text)] == Letters, articles and talks == * 2000, [[Functional somatic syndrome|Functional somatic syndromes]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = English | first = T.L. | authorlink = Thomas English | date = Feb 15, 2000| title = Functional somatic syndromes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10681297|journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]]|volume=132|issue=4|pages=329|issn=0003-4819|pmid=10681297|quote=Lupus, multiple sclerosis, AIDS, and Lyme disease suffered similar fates before “tissue evidence” was available. Patients were belittled by armchair speculators masquerading as scientists. Who among us believes this was helpful? A simple “I don’t know” would have been better than specious speculation.<br >The authors confuse absence of evidence with evidence of absence. They are not the same. Absence of evidence may reflect insufficient research, inadequate technology, poor methods, flawed paradigms, closed minds, or lack of clinical experience; for example, in 1980, there was no clear evidence that AIDS was viral—blood products were considered “safe.”|via=}}</ref> * 2013, Disease-modifying therapies for nonrelapsing multiple sclerosis: Absence of evidence does not constitute evidence of absence<ref name="Dunn2013">{{Cite journal | last = Dunn | first = J. | author-link = Jeffrey Dunn | date = 2013-10-31| title = Disease-modifying therapies for nonrelapsing multiple sclerosis: Absence of evidence does not constitute evidence of absence|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.cpj.0000436215.95884.89|journal=Neurology: Clinical Practice|volume=3|issue=6|pages=515–518|doi=10.1212/01.cpj.0000436215.95884.89|issn=2163-0402|quote=|via=}}</ref> == See also == * [[Functional somatic syndrome]] * [[Psychologization]] * [[Ethical issues]] * [[Martha Mitchell Effect]] * [[Medically unexplained physical symptoms]] * [[Functional neurological symptom disorder]] * [[Bodily distress disorder]] == References == [[Category:Mental disorders]] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Psychological paradigm]]
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