Pseudobulbar affect: Difference between revisions

From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
m (alt names)
m (Text replacement - " | last" to " | last")
 
(52 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Pseudobulbar affect''' (PBA) is a form of '''emotional liability''' that causes sudden, inappropriate, uncontrollable laughing or crying which does not usually reflect the person's mood.<ref name="psychtimes" /> It is sometimes referred to as '''involuntary emotional expression''', '''emotional incontinence''', or '''uncontrollable laughing and crying'''.<ref name=RipleyCh11><https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323544566000116</ref > PBA is a [[neurological disorder]] that is often mistaken for [[depression]].<ref name="psychtimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/article/pseudobulbar-affect-versus-depression-issues-diagnosis-and-treatment|title=Pseudobulbar Affect Versus Depression: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment|last=Lochhead|first=Jeannie D.|authorlink=|last2=Maguire|first2=Gerald A.|authorlink2=|date=2018-07-31|website=Psychiatric Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-12-04|last3=Nelson|first3=Michele A.}}</ref>  
'''Pseudobulbar affect''' (PBA) is a form of '''emotional liability''' that causes sudden, inappropriate, uncontrollable laughing or crying which does not usually reflect the person's mood.<ref name="psychtimes" /> It is sometimes referred to as '''involuntary emotional expression''', '''emotional incontinence''', or '''uncontrollable laughing and crying'''.<ref name="RipleyCh11">{{Cite book | last = Ripley | first = David L. | last2 = Driver | first2 = Sangeeta | last3 = Stork | first3 = Ryan | last4 = Maneyapanda | first4 = Mithra | date = 2019-01-01 | editor-last = Eapen | editor-first = Blessen C.|editor2-last=Cifu|editor2-first=David X. | title=Chapter 11 - Pharmacologic Management of the Patient With Traumatic Brain Injury|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323544566000116|language=en|publisher=Elsevier|pages=133–163|isbn=978-0-323-54456-6}}</ref> PBA is a [[neurological disorder]] that is often mistaken for [[depression]].<ref name="psychtimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/article/pseudobulbar-affect-versus-depression-issues-diagnosis-and-treatment | title = Pseudobulbar Affect Versus Depression: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment | last = Lochhead | first=Jeannie D. | authorlink = | last2 = Maguire | first2 = Gerald A. | authorlink2 = | date = 2018-07-31 | website = Psychiatric Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-12-04 | last3 = Nelson | first3 = Michele A.}}</ref>  
==Causes==
==Causes==
Pseudobulbar affect is typically caused by neurological diseases or injuries including [[multiple sclerosis]], stroke, [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), traumatic brain injury (a head injury causing loss of consciousness), or [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="psychtimes" /><ref name="emotionaloutburstsinMS">https://mss-web-prod-cd.azurewebsites.net/care-and-support/resources-and-publications/publications-search/anger-laughter-and-tears-understanding-emotional-outbursts-in-ms</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mss-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/2f4dac6b8cfb48989927e079d95f092b.pdf?sc_revision=1c2ff0edff3b4ac59a297308fe9c2bec|title=Anger, laughter and tears: Understanding emotional outbursts in MS|last=Multiple Sclerosis Society|first=|authorlink=|last2=|first2=|authorlink2=|date=Jul 2015|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> The emotional outbursts caused by PBA may last up to several minutes, and are different from how the person would normally have responded.<ref name="psychtimes" />
Pseudobulbar affect is typically caused by neurological diseases or injuries including [[multiple sclerosis]], stroke, [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), traumatic brain injury (a head injury causing loss of consciousness), or [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="psychtimes" /><ref>{{Cite book  | title = Neurology Review for Psychiatrists | pages = 70|isbn=978-0-7817-6666-1|edition=|volume=|language=en|title-link=|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=caqC035xk7YC&lpg=PA70&dq=pseudobulbar&pg=PA70&#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date= | date = 2008-11-01|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | last = Savitz | first = Sean I. | author-link = | last2 = Ronthal | first2 = Michael | authorlink2 = |veditors=|others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location= | editor-last =  | editor-first = |editor1-link=|editor-last2=|editor-first2 = }}</ref> The emotional outbursts caused by PBA may last up to several minutes, and are different from how the person would normally have responded, and may occur in response to even mild or neutral stimuli.<ref name="psychtimes" /> Crying is more common than laughing, and laughing may turn into crying.<ref name="drugscom" />
 
==Depression==
Pseudobulbar affect is often mistaken for [[depression]], but in-between emotional outbrusts the person's mood is normal.<ref name="drugscom">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mcd/pseudobulbar-affect | title = Pseudobulbar affect Disease Reference Guide|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-08-28}}</ref>
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Nuedexta]] was approved by the FDA in 2010, and certain [[antidepressant]]s may also be helpful, for example [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRIs]] and [[Tricyclic antidepressant|TCAs]].<ref name="psychtimes" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mcd/pseudobulbar-affect|title=Pseudobulbar affect Disease Reference Guide|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-08-28}}</ref>
[[Nuedexta]] was approved by the FDA in 2010, and certain [[antidepressant]]s may also be helpful, for example [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRIs]] and [[Tricyclic antidepressant|TCAs]].<ref name="psychtimes" /><ref name="drugscom">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mcd/pseudobulbar-affect | title = Pseudobulbar affect Disease Reference Guide|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-08-28}}</ref> Combined [[dextromethorphan]] and [[quinidine]] may also be used.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/dextromethorphan-and-quinidine.html | title = Dextromethorphan and quinidine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref>


==Learn more ==
==Learn more ==
*[https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/special-reports/pseudobulbar-affect-versus-depression-issues-diagnosis-and-treatment Pseudobulbar Affect Versus Depression: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment]
*[https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/special-reports/pseudobulbar-affect-versus-depression-issues-diagnosis-and-treatment Pseudobulbar Affect Versus Depression: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment] - Psychiatric Times
*[https://www.drugs.com/mcd/pseudobulbar-affect PBA Treatment] - drugs.com
*[https://www.drugs.com/mcd/pseudobulbar-affect PBA Treatment] - drugs.com
*[https://mss-web-prod-cd.azurewebsites.net/care-and-support/resources-and-publications/publications-search/anger-laughter-and-tears-understanding-emotional-outbursts-in-ms Anger, laughter and tears: Understanding emotional outbursts in MS] - Multiple Sclerosis Society
*[https://mss-web-prod-cd.azurewebsites.net/care-and-support/resources-and-publications/publications-search/anger-laughter-and-tears-understanding-emotional-outbursts-in-ms Anger, laughter and tears: Understanding emotional outbursts in MS] - Multiple Sclerosis Society
*[https://www.drugs.com/mtm/dextromethorphan-and-quinidine.html Dextromethorphan and quinidine] - drugs.com


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Emotional liability]]
*[[Nuedexta]]
*[[Nuedexta]]
*[[Depression]]
*[[Depression]]
Line 19: Line 25:


[[Category:Neurological diseases and disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological diseases and disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Psychological signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 15:32, April 3, 2023

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a form of emotional liability that causes sudden, inappropriate, uncontrollable laughing or crying which does not usually reflect the person's mood.[1] It is sometimes referred to as involuntary emotional expression, emotional incontinence, or uncontrollable laughing and crying.[2] PBA is a neurological disorder that is often mistaken for depression.[1]

Causes[edit | edit source]

Pseudobulbar affect is typically caused by neurological diseases or injuries including multiple sclerosis, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury (a head injury causing loss of consciousness), or Parkinson's disease.[1][3] The emotional outbursts caused by PBA may last up to several minutes, and are different from how the person would normally have responded, and may occur in response to even mild or neutral stimuli.[1] Crying is more common than laughing, and laughing may turn into crying.[4]

Depression[edit | edit source]

Pseudobulbar affect is often mistaken for depression, but in-between emotional outbrusts the person's mood is normal.[4]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Nuedexta was approved by the FDA in 2010, and certain antidepressants may also be helpful, for example SSRIs and TCAs.[1][4] Combined dextromethorphan and quinidine may also be used.[5]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lochhead, Jeannie D.; Maguire, Gerald A.; Nelson, Michele A. (July 31, 2018). "Pseudobulbar Affect Versus Depression: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment". Psychiatric Times. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  2. Ripley, David L.; Driver, Sangeeta; Stork, Ryan; Maneyapanda, Mithra (January 1, 2019). Eapen, Blessen C.; Cifu, David X. (eds.). Chapter 11 - Pharmacologic Management of the Patient With Traumatic Brain Injury. Elsevier. pp. 133–163. ISBN 978-0-323-54456-6.
  3. Savitz, Sean I.; Ronthal, Michael (November 1, 2008). Neurology Review for Psychiatrists. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-7817-6666-1.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Pseudobulbar affect Disease Reference Guide". Drugs.com. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  5. "Dextromethorphan and quinidine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved March 9, 2021.