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Prognosis for myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome
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=== Pediatric === Prognosis for [[Pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|adolescents with ME/CFS]] is generally considered to be more favorable than in adults.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/presentation-clinical-course/prognosis.html | title = Prognosis {{!}} Presentation and Clinical Course {{!}} Healthcare Providers {{!}} Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2018-07-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://twitter.com/keithgeraghty/status/1052054136412430336 | title = Dr Keith Geraghty on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-10-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Rowe | first = Peter C. | last2 = Underhill | first2 = Rosemary A. | last3 = Friedman | first3 = Kenneth J. | last4 = Gurwitt | first4 = Alan | last5 = Medow | first5 = Marvin S. | last6 = Schwartz | first6 = Malcolm S. | last7 = Speight | first7 = Nigel | last8 = Stewart | first8 = Julian M. | last9 = Vallings | first9 = Rosamund | date = 2017 | title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis and Management in Young People: A Primer |url =https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2017.00121/full|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|language=English|volume=5|doi=10.3389/fped.2017.00121|issn=2296-2360}}</ref> [[Fred Gill|Gill]] et al. reported that 4.5 years after an initial evaluation almost a quarter of adolescent ME/CFS patients reached “near to complete improvement”.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Gill | first = Anna C. | last2 = Dosen | first2 = Ana | last3 = Ziegler | first3 = John B. | date = Mar 2004 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a follow-up study|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14993080|journal=Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine|volume=158|issue=3|pages=225–229|doi=10.1001/archpedi.158.3.225|issn=1072-4710|pmid=14993080}}</ref> The diagnosis in this study however was made retrospectively (by looking at old charts and test results instead of a clinician’s assessment). A Dutch team followed up on 54 adolescents with ME/CFS. After an average of 2.2 years almost half of the sample said they've had almost completely recovered.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = van Geelen | first = Stefan M. | last2 = Bakker | first2 = Rob J. | last3 = Kuis | first3 = Wietse | last4 = van de Putte | first4 = Elise M. | date = Sep 2010 | title = Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: a follow-up study|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819962|journal=Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine|volume=164|issue=9 | pages = 810–814|doi=10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.145|issn=1538-3628|pmid=20819962}}</ref> [[David Bell]] followed up on 35 ME/CFS patients who fell ill during the Lyndonville outbreak in the 1980s. Prognosis was favorable: 37% said they had "recovered completely" and felt "entirely well.” A further 42.9% agreed with the statement “I have never recovered completely but feel pretty well."<ref name=":20">{{Cite journal | last = Bell | first = D. S. | last2 = Jordan | first2 = K. | last3 = Robinson | first3 = M. | date = May 2001 | title = Thirteen-year follow-up of children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331676|journal=Pediatrics|volume=107|issue=5 | pages = 994–998|issn=1098-4275|pmid=11331676}}</ref> Other studies (Rangel et al.,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Rangel | first = L. | last2 = Garralda | first2 = M.E. | last3 = Levin | first3 = M. | last4 = Roberts | first4 = H. | date = Mar 2000 | title = The course of severe chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741312|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|volume=93|issue=3|pages=129–134|doi=10.1177/014107680009300306|issn=0141-0768|pmc=1297949|pmid=10741312}}</ref> Sulheim et al.,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Sulheim | first = Dag | last2 = Hurum | first2 = Harald | last3 = Helland | first3 = Ingrid B | last4 = Thaulow | first4 = Erik | last5 = Wyller | first5 = Vegard Bruun | date = 2012-03-21 | title = Adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome; a follow-up study displays concurrent improvement of circulatory abnormalities and clinical symptoms|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337799/|journal=Biopsychosocial Medicine|volume=6|pages=10|doi=10.1186/1751-0759-6-10|issn=1751-0759|pmc=3337799|pmid=22436201}}</ref>, Rimes et al.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Rimes | first = Katharine A. | last2 = Goodman | first2 = Robert | last3 = Hotopf | first3 = Matthew | last4 = Wessely | first4 = Simon | last5 = Meltzer | first5 = Howard | last6 = Chalder | first6 = Trudie | date = Mar 2007 | title = Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a prospective community study|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332180|journal=Pediatrics|volume=119|issue=3| pages = e603–609|doi=10.1542/peds.2006-2231|issn=1098-4275|pmid=17332180}}</ref>) have reported similar high improvement/recovery rates in pediatric ME/CFS, though these studies did not use generally accepted diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS. In the Bulletin of the [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis|IACFS/ME]] [[Katherine Rowe]] claimed to have data for 256 young ME/CFS patients 12 years after initial evaluation. Eighty-eight percent reported recovery, though this information has not been reported in a [[Peer review|peer-review]] publication.<ref name="Rowe2011">{{citation | last =Rowe | first = Katherine | authorlink = Katherine Rowe|url=https://iacfsme.org/portals/0/pdf/Fall2011-AbstractsOttawa-112-200.pdf | title = What is the Natural History of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Young People? {{!}}Abstracts from General Session |publisher=IACFS/ME Biennial International Conference |location=Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | date = Sep 23, 2011}}</ref> In its 2015 report (p.183, 213), the [[National Academy of Medicine]] noted a lack of well-designed longitudinal studies on the prognosis of ME/CFS in children and adolescents.<ref name="iom">{{Cite book | url =http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274235/ | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness | last = Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | last2 = Board on the Health of Select Populations | last3 = Institute of Medicine | date = 2015 | publisher=National Academies Press (US)|isbn=9780309316897|series=The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health|location=Washington (DC)|pmid=25695122}}</ref> Dr. Bell notes that if an adolescent spent three months in bed due to ME/CFS they will still be ill at age 35 even if their symptoms were mild in their adult years. Becoming increasingly ill with activity and symptom severity is expected 15-20 years later.<ref name="Bell2016">{{Cite news | url=https://www.omf.ngo/2016/06/25/mecfs-in-children-by-dr-david-s-bell-2/ | title = ME/CFS in Children - by David S. Bell, MD {{!}} Open Medicine Foundation | date = 2016-06-25|work=Open Medicine Foundation|access-date=2018-08-11|language=en-US}}</ref><blockquote>One study of young adults followed for fifteen years demonstrated clear improvement in activity, but not illness resolution<sup>8</sup>. The same group of patients continued to do relatively well for a further five to ten years and then became worse in both activity limitation and symptom severity<sup>12</sup>. It is rare for an adolescent to become completely free of the disease<sup>13</sup>.<ref name="Bell2016" /></blockquote>Children are diagnosed with ME/CFS at three months of illness under the [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID) and [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC) and [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) is diagnosed immediately under the International Consensus Criteria (ICC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.masscfids.org/pediatric-me-cfs-links | title = Pediatric ME/CFS links|website=[[Massachusetts ME/CFS & FM Association]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref><ref name="iom-guide">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nap.edu/resource/19012/MECFScliniciansguide.pdf | title = Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome -- Redefining an illness: Report guide for clinicians | last = Institute of Medicine (US) | last2 = Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | first = | date = 2005 | website = nap.edu | page = 5|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref><ref name="ccc">{{Cite journal | last = Carruthers | first = Bruce | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip | last10 = Powles | first10 = A.C. Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | date = 2003 | title=Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols|url=http://iacfsme.org/Portals/0/pdf/CanadianCaseDefinition.2003.pdf|format = PDF | journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|volume=11 | pages = 7-36|issue=|quote= | author-link = Bruce Carruthers | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas|doi=10.1300/J092v11n01_02 | authorlink6 = A Martin Lerner | authorlink7 = Alison Bested | authorlink8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | authorlink9 = Pradip Joshi}}</ref><ref name="icc">{{Cite journal | last = Carruthers | first = Bruce M. | author-link = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = Marjorie I. | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = Nancy G. | author-link4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = Gordon | author-link5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = Terry | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = Donald | author-link7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = A.C. Peter | author-link8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = Nigel | authorlink9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = Rosamund | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = Lucinda | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Baumgarten-Austrheim | first12 = Barbara | authorlink12 = Barbara Baumgarten-Austrheim | last13 = Bell | first13 = David | author-link13 = David Bell | last14 = Carlo-Stella | first14 = Nicoletta | author-link14 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last15 = Chia | first15 = John | author-link15 = John Chia | last16 = Darragh | first16 = Austin | author-link16=Austin Darragh | last17 = Jo | first17 = Daehyun | author-link17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = Donald | author-link18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = Alan | author-link19 = Alan Light | last20 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first20 = Sonya | author-link20 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last21 = Mena | first21 = Ismael | author-link21 = Ismael Mena | last22 = Mikovits | first22 = Judy | author-link22 = Judy Mikovits | last23 = Miwa | first23 = Kunihisa | author-link23 = Kunihisa Miwa | last24 = Murovska | first24 = Modra | author-link24 = Modra Murovska | last25 = Pall | first25 = Martin | author-link25 = Martin Pall | last26 = Stevens | first26 = Staci | author-link26 = Staci Stevens | date = 2011-08-22 | title=Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=270|issue=4|pages=327–338|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x|issn=0954-6820|pmc=3427890|pmid=21777306|via=}}</ref>
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