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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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'''Premenstrual dysphoric disorder''' or '''PMDD''' or '''Late luteal dysphoric disorder''' (LLDD) is cyclic hormone-based mood disorder affecting women of child-bearing age.<ref name="iapmd">{{Cite web |url = https://iapmd.org/about-pmdd/|website=International Association For Premenstrual Disorders | title = About Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> PMDD is regarded as a severe form of [[premenstrual syndrome]]/premenstrual disorder that a range of psychological or physical symptoms, typically including severe irritability, [[depression]], or [[anxiety]] in the week or two before your period starts. Symptoms usually go away two to three days after your period starts.<ref name="StatPearls">{{Cite book | title = Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | date = 2021 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532307/ | last = Mishra | first = Sanskriti | last2 = Elliott | first2 = Harold | last3 = Marwaha | first3 = Raman|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=30335340}}</ref><ref name="womens">{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd | title = Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = |website=Office on Women's Health|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref> ==Signs and symptoms== A minimum of 5 of these symptoms: One or more of: *Markedly depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts *Marked anxiety, tension, feelings of being "keyed up" or "on edge *Marked affective lability (severe mood swings) *Persistent and marked anger or irritability or increased interpersonal conflicts *Decreased interest in usual activities (eg, work, school, friends, and hobbies) Plus some of: *Subjective sense of difficulty in concentrating *Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy *Marked change in appetite, overeating, or specific food cravings *[[Hypersomnia]] or [[insomnia]] *A subjective sense of being overwhelmed or out of control *Other physical symptoms, such as breast tenderness or swelling, [[headache]]s, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of bloating, or weight gain. Symptoms must also be *severe enough to interfere significantly with social, occupational, sexual, or scholastic functioning, and *directly related to the menstrual cycle, and *not merely simply worsening of the symptoms of another disorder, such as major depressive disorder, panic disorder, dysthymic disorder, or a personality disorder, and *symptoms must be present for at least 2 consecutive menstrual cycles.<ref name="DSM-5">{{Cite book | title = Diagnostic and Statostical Manual of Mental Disorders|edition=5 | last = APA| date = 2013 |location=Washington, DC|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub. Press}}</ref> ==Treatment== A range of options exist, including: * diet changes * [[exercise]] * [[hormone]] treatments, which may include contraceptive pills * [[antidepressant]]s<ref name="StatPearls" /><ref>{{Cite journal | title = Evidence-Based Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Concise Review| date = 2020-02-04|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023366/|journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry|volume=81|issue=2|pages=19ac13071 | last = Carlini | first = Sara V. | last2 = Deligiannidis | first2 = Kristina M.|doi=10.4088/JCP.19ac13071|pmc=7716347|pmid=32023366|issn=1555-2101}}</ref> ==ME/CFS== ==Notable articles== ==See also== *[[Premenstrual syndrome]] *[[Hormone]] *[[Antidepressant]] ==Learn more== *[https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)] - Women's Health *[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder] - Johns Hopkins Medicine ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Potential comorbidities]] [[Category:Mental disorders]] [[Category:Menstrual signs and symptoms]]β
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