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Nutcracker phenomenon
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== Signs and symptoms == The symptoms and severity of renal nutcracker phenomenon can vary from person to person.<ref name=":11" /> Some people may not have any symptoms (especially children), while others have severe and persistent symptoms.<ref name=":11" /> Symptoms are often worsened by physical activity.<ref name=":11" /> Signs and symptoms may include:<ref name=":11" /> * Blood in the urine (hematuria) which can occasionally cause anemia requiring blood transfusions. * Abdominal or flank pain that may radiate to the thigh and buttock. Pain may be worsened by sitting, standing, walking, or riding in a vehicle that shakes. * Varicocele in men - almost always occurring on the left side. * Chronic fatigue syndrome and fatigue symptoms. * Pelvic congestion syndrome, causing symptoms such as [[chronic pelvic pain]], pain during intercourse, painful or difficult urination, painful menstrual cramps during periods, and polycystic ovaries. * Orthostatic proteinuria. * [[Orthostatic intolerance]] (feeling light-headed or having palpitations when standing upright). * Tachycardia<ref name="Takahashi2000a">{{Cite journal | last = Takahashi | first = Y. | last2 = Sano | first2 = A. | last3 = Matsuo | first3 = M. | date = Jan 2000 | title = An effective "transluminal balloon angioplasty" therapy for pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome with nutcracker phenomenon | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10661488|journal=Clinical Nephrology|volume=53|issue=1 | pages = 77β78|issn=0301-0430|pmid=10661488}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> * [[Headache]]<ref name="Takemura2000" /><ref name="Koshimichi2012" /> * [[Syncope]]<ref name="Koshimichi2012" /><ref name=":12" /> * [[Nausea]]<ref name="Koshimichi2012" /><ref name=":12" />
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