Neurotransmitter: Difference between revisions
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'''Neurotransmitters'' are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapses. These include neuromuscular junctions, the space between one [[neuron]] and another, between muscle cells, gland cells, and [[immune cell]]s. | '''Neurotransmitters''' are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapses. These include neuromuscular junctions, the space between one [[neuron]] and another, between muscle cells, gland cells, and [[immune cell]]s. | ||
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are: | ||
*'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], | *'''[[Amino acid]]s:''' [[glutamate]], [[aspartate]], [[D-serine]], [[γ-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), [[glycine]] | ||
*'''[[Gasotransmitter]]s:''' [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S) | *'''[[Gasotransmitter]]s:''' [[nitric oxide]] (NO), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H<sub>2</sub>S) | ||
*'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | *'''[[Monoamine]]s:''' [[dopamine]] (DA), [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline; NE, NA), [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), [[histamine]], [[serotonin]] (SER, 5-HT) | ||
*'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | *'''[[Trace amine]]s''': [[phenethylamine]], [[N-methylphenethylamine|''N''-methylphenethylamine]], [[tyramine]], [[3-iodothyronamine]], [[octopamine (neurotransmitter)|octopamine]], [[tryptamine]], etc. | ||
*'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | *'''[[Peptide]]s:''' [[somatostatin]], [[substance P]], [[cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript]], [[opioid peptide]]s | ||
*'''[[Purinergic signalling|Purines]]:''' [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | *'''[[Purinergic signalling|Purines]]:''' [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), [[adenosine]] | ||
*Others: [[acetylcholine]] (ACh), [[anandamide]], etc. | *Others: [[acetylcholine]] (ACh), [[anandamide]], etc. | ||
[[Category:Body systems]] | |||
[[Category:Neurotransmitters and hormones]] | |||
Revision as of 08:22, August 25, 2016
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapses. These include neuromuscular junctions, the space between one neuron and another, between muscle cells, gland cells, and immune cells.
Over 100 substances that act as neurotransmitters to have been identified. The most common are:
- Amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, D-serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine
- Gasotransmitters: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Monoamines: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (noradrenaline; NE, NA), epinephrine (adrenaline), histamine, serotonin (SER, 5-HT)
- Trace amines: phenethylamine, N-methylphenethylamine, tyramine, 3-iodothyronamine, octopamine, tryptamine, etc.
- Peptides: somatostatin, substance P, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, opioid peptides
- Purines: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine
- Others: acetylcholine (ACh), anandamide, etc.
