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Neuroimmune disease
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'''Neuroimmune disease''' ('''disorder, syndrome, or condition''') is an umbrella term for a group of certain diseases involving dysfunction of both the [[immune system]] and the [[nervous system]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nova.edu/nim/clinic/index.html | title = Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine Clinic | last = NSU {{!}} Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine | first = | authorlink = Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine | date = |website=NSU|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> It is not one of the World Health Organization's (WHO) ICD-10 classifications of disease,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#/VI | title = ICD-10 Version:2016 {{!}} Neurological diseases | last = World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | date = |website=icd.who.int|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> but is used to refer to [[Neurological|neurological diseases]] which are also recognized as immune or autoimmune diseases.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.springer.com/journal/11481 | title = Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology|website=Springer|language=en|access-date=2021-10-17}}</ref> [[Category:Diagnoses]] == Neuroimmune disorders == '''Disorders Commonly Found In Adults:''' * [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autoimmune/index.cfm | title = Autoimmune Diseases|website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|language=en|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> * [[Multiple sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]]<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/diseases-by-category/13/immune-system-diseases | title = Immune System Diseases {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Tumani | first = Hayrettin | last2 = Otto | first2 = Markus | last3 = Ludolph | first3 = Albert C. | last4 = Kassubek | first4 = Jan | last5 = Brettschneider | first5 = Johannes | last6 = Junker | first6 = Andreas | last7 = Abdelhak | first7 = Ahmed | date = Aug 2015 | title = Brain-Specific Cytoskeletal Damage Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Is There a Common Pattern between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis?|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/8/17565|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|language=en|volume=16|issue=8|pages=17565–17588|doi=10.3390/ijms160817565}}</ref> * [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS or Motor Neuron Disease)<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2011/497080/ | title = Autoimmunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Past and Present | last = Uchitel | first = Osvaldo Daniel | last2 = Gonzalez | first2 = Laura Elisabeth | date = 2011 | website = Neurology Research International|language=en|pmid=21826267|access-date=2019-05-10 | last3 = Pagani | first3 = Mario Rafael}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> * [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2016/8489251/ | title = Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models | last= Jin | first = Tao | last2 = Zhu | first2 = Jie | date = 2016 | website = Mediators of Inflammation|language=en|access-date=2019-05-10 | last3 = Jiang | first3 = Xinmei | last4 = Cheng | first4 = Yun | last5 = Zhang | first5 = Hongliang | last6 = Fan | first6 = Xueli}}</ref> * [[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref name=":4" /> * Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)<ref name=":4" /> ==Potential neuroimmune disorders== These disorders have considerable evidence of a neuroimmune disease process, but are not widely accepted as neuroimmune conditions. * [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://neuroimmune.cornell.edu/ | title = Cornell Center for Enervating NeuroImmune Disease|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meaction.net/about/what-is-me/ | title = What is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)?|website=#MEAction|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> * [[Gulf War Illness]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Georgopoulos | first = Apostolos P. | last2 = James | first2 = Lisa M. | last3 = Carpenter | first3 = Adam F. | last4 = Engdahl | first4 = Brian E. | last5 = Leuthold | first5 = Arthur C. | last6 = Lewis | first6 = Scott M. | date = 2017-10-01 | title = Gulf War illness (GWI) as a neuroimmune disease|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-017-5050-0|journal=Experimental Brain Research|language=en|volume=235|issue=10|pages=3217–3225|doi=10.1007/s00221-017-5050-0|issn=1432-1106}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Two neuroimmune research units, one in Queensland, Australia and one in Florida, US, focus prominently on research into ME/CFS and multiple sclerosis.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.griffith.edu.au/menzies-health-institute-queensland/about-menzieshiq/Infectious-Diseases-and-Immunology/neuroimmunology-and-emerging-diseases | title = National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases | website = griffith.edu.au|language=en|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref> ==Diseases which may have neuroimmune symptoms == A wide range of diseases have been proposed as neuroimmune diseases, but evidence is limited and most of those conditions are not recognized as having prominent immune symptoms or are not currently classed as neurological diseases. ==Immune symptoms in ME/CFS == [[ME/CFS]] is classified as a neurological disorder by the World Health Organization, and the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] recognizes a range of immune symptoms, which are used in diagnosis. {{:List_of_symptoms_in_ME_CFS/Canadian/Immune_system}} <div style="clear: both"></div><br> The more commonly used [[Fukuda criteria]] for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] does not require any immune symptoms for diagnosis, but both swollen [[lymph node]]s and frequent [[sore throat]] are diagnostic symptoms. == See also == * [[Neuroimmune model]] * [[National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases]] - Australia * [[Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine|Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine]] (United States) == Learn more == * [https://www.nova.edu/nim/clinic/index.html Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine] * [https://www.griffith.edu.au/menzies-health-institute-queensland/about-menzieshiq/Infectious-Diseases-and-Immunology/neuroimmunology-and-emerging-diseases National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases] * [http://www.drkendalstewart.com/what-we-treat/neuroimmune-syndromes/ Neuroimmune Syndromes] (NeuroSensory Centers of America) * [https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/diseases-by-category/13/immune-system-diseases Immune system diseases] - National Institute of Health == References == {{Reflist}}
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