Natural killer cell: Difference between revisions

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== Chronic fatigue syndrome ==
==Purpose==
 
==Evidence==


Numerous studies of [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] have found evidence of reduced natural killer cell function.<ref>http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S136.short</ref><ref>http://www.me-pedia.org/index.php?title=Immune_system#cite_note-1</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790479</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529104901000472</ref><ref>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88</ref> Some studies have showed natural killer cell function correlates with illness severity.<ref>http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S157.short</ref> One study found increased differentiation in NK cells.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381393 Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]</ref> Inconsistency in laboratory preparation and analysis have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories or use NK function as a consistent biomarker.<ref>Reference needed</ref>
Numerous studies of [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] have found evidence of reduced natural killer cell function.<ref>http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S136.short</ref><ref>http://www.me-pedia.org/index.php?title=Immune_system#cite_note-1</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790479</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529104901000472</ref><ref>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88</ref> Some studies have showed natural killer cell function correlates with illness severity.<ref>http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S157.short</ref> One study found increased differentiation in NK cells.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381393 Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]</ref> Inconsistency in laboratory preparation and analysis have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories or use NK function as a consistent biomarker.<ref>Reference needed</ref>
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=== Smoking ===
=== Smoking ===
Smoking decreases natural killer cell function.<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177</ref>
Smoking decreases natural killer cell function.<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177</ref>
==ME/CFS==
==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_cell Wikipedia - Natural killer cell]
==See also==
*[[GcMAF]]


==References==
==References==
<references>
<references/>
[[Category:Body systems]]
 
[[Category:Immune system]]
[[Category:Natural killer cell]]

Revision as of 09:01, February 16, 2016

Purpose[edit | edit source]

Evidence[edit | edit source]

Numerous studies of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome have found evidence of reduced natural killer cell function.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Some studies have showed natural killer cell function correlates with illness severity.[7] One study found increased differentiation in NK cells.[8] Inconsistency in laboratory preparation and analysis have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories or use NK function as a consistent biomarker.[9]

Modulating NK function[edit | edit source]

Probiotics[edit | edit source]

Some probiotics have been shown to increase NK function, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001,[10] Bifidobacterium lactis HN019[11][12] and Lactobacillus casei Shirota[13][14][15]

AHCC[edit | edit source]

In animal models, Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) has been show to increase NK activity.[16]. Other studies have found no significant increase in NK function.[17]

Stress[edit | edit source]

There is evidence in humans and animal models that psychological stress[18][19] and physical stress, for example surgery,[20][21][22] decreases NK function and promotes tumor development and metastasis.[23][24][25] Mindfulness based meditation or stress reduction may increase natural killer cell function.[26]

Smoking[edit | edit source]

Smoking decreases natural killer cell function.[27]

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S136.short
  2. http://www.me-pedia.org/index.php?title=Immune_system#cite_note-1
  3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790479
  4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819
  5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529104901000472
  6. http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88
  7. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S157.short
  8. Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis
  9. Reference needed
  10. Dietary probiotic supplementation enhances natural killer cell activity in the elderly: an investigation of age-related immunological changes
  11. Dietary probiotic supplementation enhances natural killer cell activity in the elderly: an investigation of age-related immunological changes
  12. Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses
  13. Enhancement of natural killer cytotoxicity delayed murine carcinogenesis by a probiotic microorganism
  14. "Interleukin‐12 is involved in the enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei Shirota"
  15. Modulation of natural killer cell activity by supplementation of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei in habitual smokers
  16. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/136/11/2868.full
  17. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635580801993280
  18. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1987-06499-001
  19. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088915919290014F
  20. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6%3C880::AID-IJC14%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/asset/14_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=ih3j738n&s=cb52bd209fea486c1221ba37ba0fdbd94521f356
  21. http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=595011
  22. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  23. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6%3C880::AID-IJC14%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/asset/14_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=ih3j738n&s=cb52bd209fea486c1221ba37ba0fdbd94521f356
  24. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  25. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586059/
  27. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177