Natural killer cell: Difference between revisions

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=== Probiotics ===
=== Probiotics ===


Some [[probiotics]] have been shown to increase NK function, including ''[[Lactobacillus rhamnosus]]'' HN001,<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11506196</ref> ''[[Bifidobacterium lactis]]'' HN019<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11506196</ref><ref>[http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/11114680</ref> and ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' Shirota<ref>http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/4/599.long</ref><ref>Takeda, K., et al. "Interleukin‐12 is involved in the enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei Shirota." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 146.1 (2006): 109-115.</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177</ref>
Some [[probiotics]] have been shown to increase NK function, including ''[[Lactobacillus rhamnosus]]'' HN001,<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11506196]</ref> ''[[Bifidobacterium lactis]]'' HN019<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11506196]</ref><ref>[http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/11114680]</ref> and ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' Shirota<ref>[http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/4/599.long]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968405 "Interleukin‐12 is involved in the enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei Shirota"]</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177]</ref>


=== AHCC ===
=== AHCC ===

Revision as of 08:50, February 16, 2016

Chronic fatigue syndrome[edit | edit source]

Numerous studies of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome have found evidence of reduced natural killer cell function.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Some studies have showed natural killer cell function correlates with illness severity.[7] One study found increased differentiation in NK cells.[8] Inconsistency in laboratory preparation and analysis have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories or use NK function as a consistent biomarker.[9]

Modulating NK function[edit | edit source]

Probiotics[edit | edit source]

Some probiotics have been shown to increase NK function, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001,[10] Bifidobacterium lactis HN019[11][12] and Lactobacillus casei Shirota[13][14][15]

AHCC[edit | edit source]

In animal models, Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) has been show to increase NK activity.[16]. Other studies have found no significant increase in NK function.[17]

Stress[edit | edit source]

There is evidence in humans and animal models that psychological stress[18][19] and physical stress, for example surgery,[20][21][22] decreases NK function and promotes tumor development and metastasis.[23][24][25] Mindfulness based meditation or stress reduction may increase natural killer cell function.[26]

Smoking[edit | edit source]

Smoking decreases natural killer cell function.[27]

References[edit | edit source]

<references>

  1. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S136.short
  2. http://www.me-pedia.org/index.php?title=Immune_system#cite_note-1
  3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790479
  4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343819
  5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529104901000472
  6. http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/10/1/88
  7. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/Supplement_1/S157.short
  8. Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis
  9. Reference needed
  10. [1]
  11. [2]
  12. [3]
  13. [4]
  14. "Interleukin‐12 is involved in the enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei Shirota"
  15. [5]
  16. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/136/11/2868.full
  17. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635580801993280
  18. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1987-06499-001
  19. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088915919290014F
  20. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6%3C880::AID-IJC14%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/asset/14_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=ih3j738n&s=cb52bd209fea486c1221ba37ba0fdbd94521f356
  21. http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=595011
  22. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  23. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6%3C880::AID-IJC14%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/asset/14_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=ih3j738n&s=cb52bd209fea486c1221ba37ba0fdbd94521f356
  24. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  25. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/44/9/3888.short
  26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586059/
  27. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504004177