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Natural killer cell
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== Modulating NK function == === Probiotics === Some [[probiotics]] have been shown to increase NK function, including ''[[Lactobacillus rhamnosus]]'' HN001,<ref name="GillHS2001" /> ''[[Bifidobacterium lactis]]'' HN019<ref name="GillHS2001" /><ref name="ChiangBL2000" /> and ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' Shirota<ref name="TakagiA2001" /><ref name="TakedaK2006" /><ref name="MorimotoK2005" /> === AHCC === In animal models, [[Active Hexose Correlated Compound]] (AHCC) has been show to increase NK activity.<ref name="RitzBW2006" /> A randomized, controlled trial of healthy volunteers found no significant effect of AHCC on NK function.<ref name="TerakawaN2008" /> === Stress === There is evidence in humans and animal models that psychological stress<ref name="GlaserR1986" /><ref name="SieberW1992" /> and physical stress, for example surgery,<ref name="PollockRE1991" /><ref name="Pollock1984" /> decreases NK function and promotes tumor development and metastasis.<ref name="Pollock1984" /> Mindfulness based meditation or stress reduction may increase natural killer cell function.<ref name="linda2008" /> === Smoking === Smoking decreases natural killer cell function.<ref name="MorimotoK2005" /> ===Ampligen=== In 2015, [[David Strayer]], et al., published a study that ''in vitro'' exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CFS patients (fulfilling both the CDC 1988 and 1994 case definitions) to [[Ampligen]] increased Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity 100-178%.<ref name="strayer2015" /> ===Nutritional deficiencies=== [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency may be associated with decreased natural killer cell activity.<ref name="tamura1999" />
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