National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases: Difference between revisions

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*May 2019, Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cabanas | first = H. | authorlinklink=Hélène Cabanas | last2 = Muraki | first2 = K.|authorlink2 = Katsuhiko Muraki|last3 = Balinas | first3=C. | authorlink3 = Cassandra Balinas | last4 = Eaton-Fitch | first4 = N. | authorlink4 = Natalie Eaton-Fitch | last5 = Staines | first5= D.  | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = S. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2019-04-23 | title = Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480905/|journal=[[Molecular Medicine]]|volume=25|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4|issn=1076-1551|pmc=6480905|pmid=31014226|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480905/ (Full text)]
*May 2019, Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cabanas | first = H. | authorlinklink=Hélène Cabanas | last2 = Muraki | first2 = K.|authorlink2 = Katsuhiko Muraki|last3 = Balinas | first3=C. | authorlink3 = Cassandra Balinas | last4 = Eaton-Fitch | first4 = N. | authorlink4 = Natalie Eaton-Fitch | last5 = Staines | first5= D.  | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = S. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2019-04-23 | title = Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480905/|journal=[[Molecular Medicine]]|volume=25|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4|issn=1076-1551|pmc=6480905|pmid=31014226|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480905/ (Full text)]
*Aug 2018, Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients<ref name="Cabanas2018">{{Cite journal | last = Cabanas | first = Hélène | author-link=Hélène Cabanas | last2 = Muraki | first2 = Katsuhiko|authorlink2 = Katsuhiko Muraki|last3 = Eaton | first3=Natalie | author-link3=Natalie Eaton-Fitch | last4 = Balinas | first4=Cassandra | authorlink4 = Cassandra Balinas | last5 = Staines | first5=Donald | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2018-08-14 | title = Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092868/|journal=[[Molecular Medicine]]|volume=24|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1|issn=1076-1551|pmc=6092868|pmid=30134818|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092868/#__ffn_sectitle (Full text)]
*Aug 2018, Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients<ref name="Cabanas2018">{{Cite journal | last = Cabanas | first = Hélène | author-link=Hélène Cabanas | last2 = Muraki | first2 = Katsuhiko|authorlink2 = Katsuhiko Muraki|last3 = Eaton | first3=Natalie | author-link3=Natalie Eaton-Fitch | last4 = Balinas | first4=Cassandra | authorlink4 = Cassandra Balinas | last5 = Staines | first5=Donald | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2018-08-14 | title = Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092868/|journal=[[Molecular Medicine]]|volume=24|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1|issn=1076-1551|pmc=6092868|pmid=30134818|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092868/#__ffn_sectitle (Full text)]
*May 2016, [https://biolres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2 Novel identification and characterisation of Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels on Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes: effects on cell signalling in Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients]<ref name="TRPM3-2016">{{Cite journal | last = Nguyen | first = T. | authorlinklink=Thao Nguyen | last2 = Staines | first2= D. |authorlink2 = Donald Staines|last3 = Nilius | first3=B. | authorlink3 = B Nilius | last4 = Smith | first4 = P. | authorlink4 = Peter Smith | last5 = Marshall-Gradisnik|first5=S. | authorlink5 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2016-05-31 | title = Novel identification and characterisation of Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels on Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes: effects on cell signalling in Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2|journal=[[Biological Research (journal)|Biological Research]]|volume=49|issue=1|pages=27|doi=10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2|issn=0717-6287|pmc=4888729|pmid=27245705|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Full text)
*May 2016, [https://biolres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2 Novel identification and characterisation of Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels on Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes: effects on cell signalling in Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients]<ref name="TRPM3-2016">{{Cite journal | last = Nguyen | first = T. | authorlinklink=Thao Nguyen | last2 = Staines | first2= D. |authorlink2 = Donald Staines|last3 = Nilius | first3=B. | authorlink3 = B Nilius | last4 = Smith | first4 = P. | authorlink4 = Peter Smith | last5 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first5 = S. | authorlink5 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2016-05-31 | title = Novel identification and characterisation of Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels on Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes: effects on cell signalling in Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2|journal=[[Biological Research (journal)|Biological Research]]|volume=49|issue=1|pages=27|doi=10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2|issn=0717-6287|pmc=4888729|pmid=27245705|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Full text)
*Apr 2016, [http://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients]<ref name="Huth2016">{{Cite journal | last = Huth | first = Teilah Kathryn | author-link=Teilah Huth | last2 = Staines | first2=Donald | authorlink2 = Donald Staines|last3 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first3 = Sonya | authorlink3 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik  | authorlink4 =  | authorlink5 =  | date = 2016-04-21 | title = ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z|journal=[[Journal of Translational Medicine]]|volume=14|issue=1 | pages = 97|doi=10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z|issn=1479-5876|pmc=4839077|pmid=27098723|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Full text)
*Apr 2016, [http://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients]<ref name="Huth2016">{{Cite journal | last = Huth | first = Teilah Kathryn | author-link=Teilah Huth | last2 = Staines | first2=Donald | authorlink2 = Donald Staines|last3 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first3 = Sonya | authorlink3 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik  | authorlink4 =  | authorlink5 =  | date = 2016-04-21 | title = ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z|journal=[[Journal of Translational Medicine]]|volume=14|issue=1 | pages = 97|doi=10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z|issn=1479-5876|pmc=4839077|pmid=27098723|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Full text)
*Jan 2016, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/III.S37042 Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients]<ref name="Genotype-2016">{{Cite journal | last = Marshall-Gradisnik | first = S.M. | authorlinklink=Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last2 = Chacko | first2 = A.|authorlink2 = A Chacko|last3 = Johnston | first3=S. | authorlink3 = Samantha Johnston | last4 = Smith | first4 = P. | authorlink4 = Peter Smith | last5 = Nilius | first5=B. | authorlink5 = B Nilius | last6 = Staines | first6 = D.R. | authorlink6 = Donald Staines | date = 2016-01-01 | title = Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients|url=https://doi.org/10.4137/III.S37042|journal=Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights|language=en|volume=8|issue=|pages=III.S37042|doi=10.4137/III.S37042|issn=1178-6345|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/III.S37042 (Full text)]
*Jan 2016, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/III.S37042 Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients]<ref name="Genotype-2016">{{Cite journal | last = Marshall-Gradisnik | first = S.M. | authorlinklink=Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last2 = Chacko | first2 = A.|authorlink2 = A Chacko|last3 = Johnston | first3=S. | authorlink3 = Samantha Johnston | last4 = Smith | first4 = P. | authorlink4 = Peter Smith | last5 = Nilius | first5=B. | authorlink5 = B Nilius | last6 = Staines | first6 = D.R. | authorlink6 = Donald Staines | date = 2016-01-01 | title = Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients|url=https://doi.org/10.4137/III.S37042|journal=Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights|language=en|volume=8|issue=|pages=III.S37042|doi=10.4137/III.S37042|issn=1178-6345|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/III.S37042 (Full text)]
*Dec 2015, [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2016/9064529/abs/ A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]<ref name="CD8+2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2016/9064529/abs/ | title = A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8 | last = Marshall-Gradisnik | first = Sonya | authorlink=Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last2 = Staines | first2=Don | authorlink2 = Donald Staines | date = 2016 | website = [[Journal of Immunology Research]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-05-10|last3 = Ramos | first3=Sandra | authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos | last4 = Johnston | first4=Samantha | authorlink4 = Samantha Johnston | last5 = Nguyen | first5=Thao | authorlink5 = Thao Nguyen | last6 = Broadley | first6 = Simon | authorlink6 = Simon Broadley | last7 = Brenu | first7 = Ekua W. | authorlink7 = Ekua Brenu}}</ref> (Full text)
*Dec 2015, [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2016/9064529/abs/ A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]<ref name="CD8+2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2016/9064529/abs/ | title = A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8 | last = Marshall-Gradisnik | first = Sonya | authorlink=Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last2 = Staines | first2=Don | authorlink2 = Donald Staines | date = 2016 | website = [[Journal of Immunology Research]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-05-10|last3 = Ramos | first3=Sandra | authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos | last4 = Johnston | first4=Samantha | authorlink4 = Samantha Johnston | last5 = Nguyen | first5=Thao | authorlink5 = Thao Nguyen | last6 = Broadley | first6 = Simon | authorlink6 = Simon Broadley | last7 = Brenu | first7 = Ekua W. | authorlink7 = Ekua Brenu}}</ref> (Full text)
*Dec 2015, [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sji.12388/abstract Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]<ref name="NKcells-2015">{{Cite journal | last = Huth | first = T.K. | authorlinklink=Teilah Huth | last2 = Brenu | first2 = E. W.|authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu|last3 = Ramos | first3=S. | authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos | last4 = Nguyen | first4=T. | authorlink4 = Thao Nguyen | last5 = Broadley|first5=S. | authorlink5 = Simon Broadley | last6 = Staines | first6 = D.  | authorlink6 = Donald Staines | last7 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first7 = S. | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2016 | title=Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sji.12388|journal=[[Scandinavian Journal of Immunology]]|language=en|volume=83|issue=1 | pages = 44–51|doi=10.1111/sji.12388|issn=1365-3083|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Abstract)
*Dec 2015, [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sji.12388/abstract Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis]<ref name="NKcells-2015">{{Cite journal | last = Huth | first = T.K. | authorlinklink=Teilah Huth | last2 = Brenu | first2 = E.W. |authorlink2 = Ekua Brenu|last3 = Ramos | first3=S. | authorlink3 = Sandra Ramos | last4 = Nguyen | first4=T. | authorlink4 = Thao Nguyen | last5 = Broadley | first5 = S. | authorlink5 = Simon Broadley | last6 = Staines | first6 = D.  | authorlink6 = Donald Staines | last7 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first7 = S. | authorlink7 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | date = 2016 | title=Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sji.12388|journal=[[Scandinavian Journal of Immunology]]|language=en|volume=83|issue=1 | pages = 44–51|doi=10.1111/sji.12388|issn=1365-3083|quote=|via=}}</ref> (Abstract)
*Sep 2015, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615236/ Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients], ''Int J Med Sci'', 2015; 12(10): 764–772.
*Sep 2015, [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615236/ Serum Immune Proteins in Moderate and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients], ''Int J Med Sci'', 2015; 12(10): 764–772.
*Aug 2015, [http://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-015-0653-3 Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients], ''Journal of Translatqional Medicine'', 201513:299
*Aug 2015, [http://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-015-0653-3 Longitudinal analysis of immune abnormalities in varying severities of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients], ''Journal of Translatqional Medicine'', 201513:299

Revision as of 17:38, November 30, 2022

The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Disease (NCNED) is an Australian research group led by Professors Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik and Donald Staines.[1]

The NCNED is a part of Menzies Health Institute Queensland at Griffith University in south-east Queensland, Australia.[2]

Members[edit | edit source]

In addition to co-directors Professors Marshall-Gradisnik and Staines, full members of the NCNED are:[1]

Potential biomarker[edit | edit source]

In February 2016 the research team led by Profs. Staines and Marshall-Gradisnik announced it had created a diagnostic test for the disease using CD8 T cells.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The researchers have submitted patent claims in relation to their discovery.[10][11][12]

Professor Marshall-Gradisnik clarified: "In response to a number of inquiries of this nature we are pleased to advise that we have both published papers, papers in press, and additional data not for publication, which constitutes commercial-in-confidence".[13][14]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

Funding[edit | edit source]

The NCNED is supported by the Queensland Government and philanthropic donors.[23] In 2016, Professors Marshall-Gradisnik and Staines and Dr Samantha Johnston were awarded $4 million (AUS) from the Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation to accelerate the diagnosis of CFS and the discovery of appropriate treatments.[2] The grant follows on a previous round of funding ($2.5 million) from the same foundation.[2]

Online presence[edit | edit source]

  • Institution
  • Twitter

Learn more[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases". griffith.edu.au. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Durack, Louise (December 1, 2016). "$4m grant to aid Chronic Fatigue Syndrome diagnosis". Griffith News. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  3. ↑ Australian scientists make breakthrough in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome testing, ABC News (Australia), 29 February 2016
  4. ↑ Griffith Uni claims breakthrough on diagnostic test, #MEAction, February 29, 2016
  5. ↑ Screening test for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome on its way, Griffith University, 1 March 2016
  6. ↑ A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis’., Journal of Immunology Research, Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 9064529, 8 pages
  7. ↑ New Screening Test for ME/CFS Announced by Griffith University, CFS Treatment Guide, 5 Mar 2016
  8. ↑ Chronic fatigue syndrome: new diagnostic tool to speed up treatment and reduce stigma
  9. ↑ A screening test for chronic fatigue syndrome is ready for the public
  10. ↑ Patent AusPat 2015904991, IP Australia, 2 December 2015
  11. ↑ Patent AusPat 2015901567, IP Australia, 1 June 2015
  12. ↑ Biological markers - WO 2016023077 A1
  13. ↑ Statement from NCNED, Griffith University, 1 March 2016
  14. ↑ Letter from Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Twitter, 1 March 2016
  15. ↑ Cabanas, H.; Muraki, K.; Balinas, C.; Eaton-Fitch, N.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (April 23, 2019). "Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 25. doi:10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4. ISSN 1076-1551. PMC 6480905. PMID 31014226. Unknown parameter |authorlinklink= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Cabanas, Hélène; Muraki, Katsuhiko; Eaton, Natalie; Balinas, Cassandra; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (August 14, 2018). "Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Molecular Medicine. 24. doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1. ISSN 1076-1551. PMC 6092868. PMID 30134818.
  17. ↑ Nguyen, T.; Staines, D.; Nilius, B.; Smith, P.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. (May 31, 2016). "Novel identification and characterisation of Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels on Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes: effects on cell signalling in Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients". Biological Research. 49 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/s40659-016-0087-2. ISSN 0717-6287. PMC 4888729. PMID 27245705. Unknown parameter |authorlinklink= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Huth, Teilah Kathryn; Staines, Donald; Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya (April 21, 2016). "ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and p38 downstream signalling molecules impaired in CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16dim/− natural killer cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients". Journal of Translational Medicine. 14 (1): 97. doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0859-z. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 4839077. PMID 27098723.
  19. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, S.M.; Chacko, A.; Johnston, S.; Smith, P.; Nilius, B.; Staines, D.R. (January 1, 2016). "Genotype Frequencies of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin M3 Ion Channels and Acetylcholine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients". Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights. 8: III.S37042. doi:10.4137/III.S37042. ISSN 1178-6345. Unknown parameter |authorlinklink= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya; Staines, Don; Ramos, Sandra; Johnston, Samantha; Nguyen, Thao; Broadley, Simon; Brenu, Ekua W. (2016). "A Preliminary Comparative Assessment of the Role of CD8". Journal of Immunology Research. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  21. ↑ Huth, T.K.; Brenu, E.W.; Ramos, S.; Nguyen, T.; Broadley, S.; Staines, D.; Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2016). "Pilot Study of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 83 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1111/sji.12388. ISSN 1365-3083. Unknown parameter |authorlinklink= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ Marshall-Gradisnik, Sonya M.; Smith, Peter; Brenu, Ekua W.; Nilius, Bernd; Ramos, Sandra B.; Staines, Donald R. (January 1, 2015). "Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ion Channels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients". Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights. 7: III.S25147. doi:10.4137/III.S25147. ISSN 1178-6345. Unknown parameter |authorlinklink= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ NCNED Partnerships

T cell A type of white blood cell which is mostly produced or matured in the thymus gland (hence T-cell) and is involved in the adaptive immune response on a cellular level. Also known as a T lymphocyte. (Learn more: www.youtube.com)

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

International Consensus Criteria (ICC) - A set of diagnostic criteria, based on the Canadian Consensus Criteria, that argued for the abandonment of the term "chronic fatigue syndrome" and encouraged the sole use of the term "myalgic encephalomyelitis".

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a U.S. government agency dedicated to epidemiology and public health. It operates under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services.

World Health Organization (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations." The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO.

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