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Mycoplasma
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== Chronic Fatigue Syndrome == A small number of published studies have suggested an increased prevalence of ''Mycoplasma'' presence in individuals with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] as compared to healthy controls.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nasralla | first = M. | last2 = Haier | first2 = J. | last3 = Nicolson | first3 = G.L. | date = 1999 | title=Multiple mycoplasmal infections detected in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691196|journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology|volume=18|issue=12 | pages = 859β865|issn=0934-9723|pmid=10691196|via=|quote= | authorlink3 = Garth Nicolson | authorlink4 = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nijs | first = Jo | last2 = Nicolson | first2 = Garth L. | last3 = De Becker | first3 = Pascale | last4 = Coomans | first4 = Danny | last5 = De Meirleir | first5 = Kenny | date = 2002 | title = High prevalence of Mycoplasma infections among European chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Examination of four Mycoplasma species in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12423773|journal=FEMS immunology and medical microbiology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=209β214|issn=0928-8244|pmid=12423773|via=|quote= | author-link = Jo Nijs | authorlink2 = Garth Nicolson | authorlink3 = Pascale De Becker | authorlink4 = | authorlink5 = Kenny De Meirleir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nicolson | first = G. L. | last2 = Gan | first2 = R. | last3 = Haier | first3 = J. | date = 2003 | title = Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpes virus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12887507|journal=APMIS: acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica|volume=111|issue=5 | pages = 557β566|issn=0903-4641|pmid=12887507|via=|quote= | author-link = Garth Nicolson}}</ref> These species include ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'', ''Mycoplasma fermentans'' and more. Independent work by Dr. [[Garth Nicolson]] has found similar prevalence and symptom patterns and with [[Gulf War Illness]] (GWI) and [[fibromyalgia]] (FM).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.immed.org/Fatigue%20Illness/06.16.2012%20pdfs/Biomed.Ther.-98.4.14s_s.pdf | title = Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Mycoplasmal Infections in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes: Relationship to Gulf War Illness | last = Nicolson | first = Garth L. | authorlink = Garth Nicolson | last2 = Nasralla | first2 = Marwan | date = 1998 | website = immed.org|publisher=Biomedical Therapy|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date= | last3 = Haier | first3 = Joerg | last4 = Nicolson | first4 = Nancy L.}}</ref> A later study, by a different group, was unable to detect the presence of ''Mycoplasma'' in either patients with CFS or healthy controls. The authors of this study have advised potential limitations of the patient selection and detection methodology of the earlier studies.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Vernon | first = Suzanne D. | last2 = Shukla | first2 = Sanjay K. | last3 = Reeves | first3 = William C. | date = 2003 | title = Absence of Mycoplasma species DNA in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.05316-0|journal=Journal of Medical Microbiology|volume=52|issue=11|pages=1027β1028|doi=10.1099/jmm.0.05316-0|quote= | author-link = Suzanne Vernon | authorlink2 = | authorlink3 = William Reeves | authorlink4 = | authorlink5 = |via=}}</ref>
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