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Mitochondrial DNA
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{{stub}} {{NeedsImage}} '''Mitochondrial DNA''' (aka '''mtDNA''' or '''mDNA''') is [[DNA]] located within the [[Mitochondrion|mitochondria]]. Mitochondrial DNA is different from the DNA found in the cell nucleus in that it is most often inherited from the mother, whereas the [[DNA]] in the cell nucleus is inherited equally from both parents. Seventeen people in three unrelated families have been identified as having mitochondrial DNA from both their parents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/dads-mitochondrial-dna/ | title = Not Your Mom’s Genes: Mitochondrial DNA Can Come from Dad | last = Wu | first = Katherine J | authorlink = | date = Nov 26, 2018 | website = pbs.org|publisher=NOVA|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> A 1996 study suggested that this could happen due to the midpiece mitochondrial sheath of sperm enters the egg at fertilization.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last = Ankel-Simons | first = Friderun | last2 = Cummins | first2 = Jim M. | date = 1996-11-26 | title = Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC19448/|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=93|issue=24|pages=13859–13863|issn=0027-8424|pmid=8943026}}</ref> ==Mitochondrial DNA in relation to ME/CFS== In 2016, a study by Billing-Ross, et al, showed that [[ME/CFS]] subjects exhibited no known disease-causing mtDNA mutations. Likewise, there was no increase in susceptibility to ME/CFS of individuals carrying particular mitochondrial genetic material or [[single nucleotide polymorphisms]] (SNPs). However, analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in ME/CFS cases indicated that individuals of several genetic population groups (haplogroups J, U and H) or carrying eight specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more likely to exhibit similar types and severity of symptoms, namely [[neurological]], [[inflammatory]], and/or [[gastrointestinal]] symptoms.<ref name="Billing-Ross, 2016" /> == Research studies == * 1999, ''In vitro'' Study of Muscle Aerobic Metabolism in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Behan | first = Wilhelmina M.H. | authorlink = | last2 = Holt | first2 = Ian J. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Kay | first3 = David H. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Moonie | first4 = Pamela | author-link4 = | authorlink5 = | date = 1999 | title=In vitro Study of Muscle Aerobic Metabolism in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url = |journal=Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|volume=5|issue=1|pages=3-16|doi=10.1300/J092v05n01_02|quote=|via=}}</ref> *2016, Association of mitochondrial DNA variants with [[ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)]] symptoms<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Hanson | first = Maureen R. | authorlink = Maureen Hanson | last2 = Gu | first2 = Zhenglong | authorlink2 = | last3 = Keinan | first3 = Alon | author-link3 = | last4 = Ye | first4 = Kaixiong | authorlink4 = | last5 = Germain | first5 = Arnaud | authorlink5 = | last6 = Billing-Ross | first6 = Paul | date = 2016-12-20 | title = Association of mitochondrial DNA variants with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) symptoms|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-1104-5|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|volume=14|issue=1|pages=342|doi=10.1186/s12967-016-1104-5|issn=1479-5876|pmc=5175376|pmid=27998272|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12967-016-1104-5 (Full Text)] *2016, Mitochondrial DNA variants correlate with symptoms in [[ME/CFS|myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="Billing-Ross, 2016" /> [http://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-016-0771-6 (Full Text)] *2019, MtDNA population variation in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome in two populations: A study of mildly deleterious variants<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Venter | first = Marianne | authorlink = | date = | title = MtDNA population variation in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome in two populations: a study of mildly deleterious variants | url = |journal=Scientific Reports|volume=|issue=|pages=|issn=2045-2322|quote=|via= | last2 = Tomas | first2 = Cara | authorlink2 = Cara Tomas | last3 = Pienaar | first3 = Ilse S | last4 = Strassheim | first4 = Victoria | author-link4 = Victoria Strassheim | last5 = Erasmus | first5 = Elardus | last6 = Ng | first6 = Wan-Fai | last7 = Howell | first7 = Neil | last8 = Newton | first8 = Julia L | last9 = van der Westhuizen | first9 = Francois H | authorlink8 = Julia Newton | last10 = Elson | first10 = Joanna L}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Mitochondrion]] ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA Wikipedia - Mitochondrial DNA] *1996, Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution<ref name=":1" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC19448/ (Full Text)] *2016, [http://mitochondrialdiseasenews.com/2016/02/10/mitochondrial-dna-variations-may-spur-symptoms-people-form-chronic-fatigue/ Mitochondrial DNA Variations May Spur Symptoms in People with Form of Chronic Fatigue]<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://mitochondrialdiseasenews.com/2016/02/10/mitochondrial-dna-variations-may-spur-symptoms-people-form-chronic-fatigue/ | title = Mitochondrial DNA Variations May Spur Symptoms in People with Form of Chronic Fatigue - Mitochondrial Disease News | last = Inacio | first = Patricia | date = 2016-02-10|work=Mitochondrial Disease News|access-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|language=en-US|quote=}}</ref> *2016, [http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/17668/Van_Dyk_HC_2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Evaluating the involvement of mtDNA variants in patients diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis" by HC van Dyk]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/17668/Van_Dyk_HC_2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y | title = Evaluating the involvement of mtDNA variants in patients diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis | last = Van Dyk | first = HC | authorlink = | date = May 2016 | website = dspace.nwu.ac.za|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> *2018, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/dads-mitochondrial-dna/ Not Your Mom’s Genes: Mitochondrial DNA Can Come from Dad]<ref name=":0" /> ==References== <references> <ref name="Billing-Ross, 2016">{{Citation | last1 = Billing-Ross | first1 = Paul | authorlink1 = | last2 = Germain | first2 = Arnaud | authorlink2 = | last3 = Ye | first3 = Kaixiong | authorlink3 = | last4 = Keinan | first4 = Alon | authorlink4 = | last5 = Gu | first5 = Zhenglong | authorlink5 = | last6 = Hanson | first6 = Maureen R. | authorlink6 = Maureen Hanson | title = Mitochondrial DNA variants correlate with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Journal of Translational Medicine | volume = 14 | issue = 19 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26791940 | doi = 10.1186/s12967-016-0771-6 }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Mitochondria]] [[Category:Genetics]]
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