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Medical marijuana
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[[File:Medical marijuana.jpg|alt=dried blackberry marijuana labelled for medical use|thumb|upright=1|Cannabis indica labelled for medical use only]] '''Medical marijuana or medical cannabis''' refers to the use of cannabis or derivatives of cannabis plants to treat medical illnesses or reduce symptoms.<ref name="marijuana-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medical+marijuana | title = Definition of MEDICAL MARIJUANA|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> Medical marijuana typically contains both [[CBD oil|CBD]] and [[THC]], which are two of the many biologically active substances found in cannabis.<ref name="thc-dict">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/THC | title = Definition of THC|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/CBD | title = Definition of CBD|website=Merrian-Webster Dictionary|language=en|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref> CBD, which is not intoxicating or addictive, can also be produced from hemp plants, and is often marketed as [[CBD oil]] and sold legally as a without needing a perscription.<ref name="marijuana-dict" />{{Citation needed|Reason=CBD oil as legal non-perscription product}} ==Evidence == [[File:Marijuana leaf.png|alt=marijuana leaf icon black|thumb|150x150px]] A review by Whiting et al. (2015) found moderate evidence that medical use of cannabis can help with [[chronic pain]], but this review did not look at pain in ME/CFS.<ref name="Whiting2015">{{Cite journal | last = Whiting|first = Penny F. | last2 = Wolff | first2 = Robert F. | last3 = Deshpande | first3 = Sohan | last4 = Di Nisio | first4 = Marcello | last5 = Duffy | first5 = Steven | last6 = Hernandez | first6 = Adrian V. | last7 = Keurentjes | first7 = J. Christiaan | last8 = Lang | first8 = Shona | last9 = Misso | first9 = Kate | date = Jun 23, 2015 | title = Cannabinoids for Medical Use|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358|journal=JAMA|language=en|volume=313|issue=24|pages=2456|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.6358|issn=0098-7484|quote= | author-link = Penny Whiting | authorlink2 = Robert Wolff | authorlink3 = Sohan Deshpande | authorlink4 = Marcello Di Nisio | authorlink5 = Steven Duffy|via= | authorlink6 = Adrian Hernandez | authorlink7 = J. Christiaan Keurentjes | authorlink8 = Shona Lang | authorlink9 = Kate Misso}}</ref> Limited evidence is available for the use of cannabis or medical marijuana in people with [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Farre2011">{{Cite journal | last = Farré|first = Magí | author-link = Magí Farré | last2 = Carbonell | first2 = Jordi | authorlink2 = Jordi Carbonell | last3 = Capellà | first3 = Dolors | authorlink3 = Dolors Capellà | last4 = Durán | first4 = Marta | authorlink4 = Marta Durán | last5 = Fiz | first5 = Jimena | authorlink5 = Jimena Fiz | date = Apr 21, 2011 | title = Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=6|issue=4| pages = e18440|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3080871|pmid=21533029|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="vanDonk2019">{{Cite journal | last = van de Donk|first = Tine | authorlink = Tine van de Donk | last2 = Niesters | first2 = Marieke | authorlink2 = Marieke Niesters | last3 = Kowal | first3 = Mikael A. | authorlink3 = Mikael Kowal | last4 = Olofsen | first4 = Erik | authorlink4 = Erik Olofsen | last5 = Dahan | first5 = Albert | authorlink5 = Albert Dahan | last6 = van Velzen | first6 = Monique | authorlink6 = Monique van Velzen | date = Apr 2019 | title = An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia|url=https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx|journal=PAIN|language=en-US|volume=160|issue=4 | pages = 860|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464|issn=0304-3959|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Notable studies== *2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228959 Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels.]<ref name="cannabidiolmito2009" /> *2011, [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018440 Cannabis Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Effect on Symptoms Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life]<ref name="Farre2011" /> *2015, [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review]<ref name="Whiting2015" /> *2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573936 Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study.]<ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016" /> *2019, [https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2019/04000/An_experimental_randomized_study_on_the_analgesic.11.aspx An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia]<ref name="vanDonk2019" /> == See also == * [[Analgesics|Pain relief]] * [[Pain]] * [[Fibromyalgia drugs]] == Learn more == * [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2338251?utm_campaign=articlePDF&utm_medium=articlePDFlink&utm_content=jama.2015.6358 Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review] <ref name="Whiting2015" /> ==References== <references> <ref name="cannabidiolmito2009">{{Citation| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-08.2009| issn = 1529-2401| volume = 29 | issue = 7| pages = 2053–2063| last1 = Ryan | first1 = Duncan | last2 = Drysdale | first2 = Alison J. | last3 = Lafourcade | first3 = Carlos | last4 = Pertwee | first4 = Roger G. | last5 = Platt | first5 = Bettina | title = Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience | date = 2009-02-18 | pmid = 19228959}}</ref> <ref name="CBD and THCV improve diabetic parameters, 2016">{{Citation| doi = 10.2337/dc16-0650| volume = 39 | issue = 10| pages = 1777-86| last1 = Jadoon | first1 = Khalid A. | last2 = Ratcliffe | first2 = Stuart H. | last3 = Barrett | first3 = David A. | last4 = Thomas | first4 = E. Louise | last5 = Stott | first5 = Colin | last6 = Bell | first6 = Jimmy D. | last7 = O’Sullivan | first7 = Saoirse E. | last8 = Tan | first8 = Garry D. | title = Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study| journal = Diabetes Care: American Diabetes Association | date = 2016-08-29}}</ref> </references> [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Herbs]] [[Category:Antiemetics]] [[Category:Analgesics]] [[Category:Cannabis-derived drugs]] [[Category:Antidepressants]] [[Category:Depression alternative treatments]] [[Category:Depression treatments]]
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