Long COVID pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Notjusttired (talk | contribs) m (→Infection and immunity: link, remove link so new glossary entry shows) |
Notjusttired (talk | contribs) m (→Comparison to other conditions: change order so table doesn't look like it's about TBI) |
||
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
== Comparison to other conditions == | == Comparison to other conditions == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Findings | !Findings | ||
Line 63: | Line 49: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Post-acute SARS === | |||
=== ME/CFS === | |||
{{Main article|page_name=Myalgic encephalomyelitis}} | |||
=== POTS === | |||
{{Main|page_name=Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome}} | |||
=== MCAS === | |||
{{Main|page_name=Mast cell activation syndrome}} | |||
=== Alzheimer’s === | |||
=== Traumatic Brain Injury === | |||
== See also == | == See also == |
Revision as of 18:55, August 11, 2021
Long COVID, long tail covid, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), post-acute COVID-19 and ongoing COVID are terms used to describe a group of long term health problems that are found in a significant minority of people who developed COVID-19 and remain ill a number of weeks or months later.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Infection and immunity[edit | edit source]
A range of antibodies have been found in patients with persistent post-acute COVID symptoms. Elevated G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies have been found.[1] One study founded elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titles in 43.6% of long COVID patients twelve months after symptom onset.[2]
Long COVID may be associated herpesvirus reactivation such as Epstein-Barr Virus,[3] which has been shown to cause elevations of certain G-protein coupled receptor autoantibody types.[4][5][6][7][8]
Neurological and neuropsychiatric[edit | edit source]
Cardiovascular[edit | edit source]
Pulmonary[edit | edit source]
In a single cardiopulmonary exercise test, Post-COVID-19 patients exhibited markedly reduced peak exercise aerobic capacity (VO2) compared to controls and impaired oxygen extraction, even in those without cardiopulmonary disease.[9]
Comparison to other conditions[edit | edit source]
Findings | Long COVID | Post-acute SARS | ME/CFS | POTS | MCAS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies | β2- and α1-adrenoceptors, angiotensin II AT1-, muscarinic M2-, MAS-, nociceptin- and ETA-receptors | M3 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as ß2 adrenergic receptors | α1, β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies | ||
Post-acute SARS[edit | edit source]
ME/CFS[edit | edit source]
POTS[edit | edit source]
MCAS[edit | edit source]
Alzheimer’s[edit | edit source]
Traumatic Brain Injury[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
Learn more[edit | edit source]
- Long COVID Resource Hub (database of Long COVID research)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms". Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. 4: 100100. January 1, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100. ISSN 2589-9090.
- ↑ Seeßle, Jessica; Waterboer, Tim; Hippchen, Theresa; Simon, Julia; Kirchner, Marietta; Lim, Adeline; Müller, Barbara; Merle, Uta (July 5, 2021). "Persistent symptoms in adult patients one year after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study". Clinical Infectious Diseases (ciab611). doi:10.1093/cid/ciab611. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Gold, Jeffrey E.; Okyay, Ramazan A.; Licht, Warren E.; Hurley, David J. (2021/6). "Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation". Pathogens. 10 (6): 763. doi:10.3390/pathogens10060763. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ↑ Angelini, Lucia; Bardare, Maria; Martini, Alberto (2002). Immune-mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System in Children.
- ↑ Gebhardt, B. M. (June 26, 2000). "Evidence for antigenic cross-reactivity between herpesvirus and the acetylcholine receptor". Journal of Neuroimmunology. 105 (2): 145–153. ISSN 0165-5728. PMID 10742556.
- ↑ Brenner, T.; Timore, Y.; Wirguin, I.; Abramsky, O.; Steinitz, M. (October 1989). "In vitro synthesis of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor by Epstein-Barr virus-stimulated B-lymphocytes derived from patients with myasthenia gravis". Journal of Neuroimmunology. 24 (3): 217–222. ISSN 0165-5728. PMID 2553772.
- ↑ Kaminski, Henry J.; Janos, Minarovits. "Epstein-barr virus: Trigger for autoimmunity?". Annals of Neurology. ISSN 0364-5134.
- ↑ "Official Brain & Life Home Page". journals.lww.com. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ↑ Singh, Inderjit; Joseph, Phillip; Heerdt, Paul M.; Cullinan, Marjorie; Lutchmansingh, Denyse D.; Gulati, Mridu; Possick, Jennifer D.; Systrom, David M.; Waxman, Aaron B. (August 10, 2021). "Persistent Exertional Intolerance after COVID-19: Insights from Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing". CHEST. 0 (0). doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.010. ISSN 0012-3692.