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[[File:Leonard Jason.png |upright| right|Source: depaul.edu]]
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'''Leonard A. Jason''', PhD, is a professor of psychology at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, USA and Director of the Center for Community Research at DePaul University which includes the Depaul University [http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/cfs/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Project].  
'''Leonard A. Jason''', PhD, is a professor of psychology at [[DePaul University]] in Chicago, Illinois, US and Director of the Center for Community Research at DePaul University<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leonardjason.com/education/ | title = Education/Academic Appointments – Leonard A. Jason|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> which includes the DePaul University Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Project. His ME/CFS research is mostly focused on the epidemiology and prevalence of the illness and on the impact of using various case definitions for diagnosis and research.<ref name=":2" />


Dr. Jason developed [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] after contracting infectious [[mononucleosis]] in 1989, necessitating a leave of absence from his university job for a year and a half. After recovering enough to return to work, he began studying [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]: “What I found was that the illness had a lousy name, chronic fatigue syndrome,” he recalled. “It had an even worse case definition. The tests used to assess people’s psychological conditions were inappropriate. The treatments being used were inappropriate. And the prevalence data was not very good. So I said to myself, ‘Boy, I’m gonna have business for the next 20 years.’”<ref>http://www.northbynorthwestern.com/story/arrested-development/</ref> He has become one of the most respected and prolific researchers of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].
Dr. Jason developed [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] after contracting infectious [[mononucleosis]] in 1989, necessitating a leave of absence from his university job for a year and a half. After recovering enough to return to work, he began studying [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]: “What I found was that the illness had a lousy name, chronic fatigue syndrome,” he recalled. “It had an even worse case definition. The tests used to assess people’s psychological conditions were inappropriate. The treatments being used were inappropriate. And the prevalence data was not very good. So I said to myself, ‘Boy, I’m gonna have business for the next 20 years.’”<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.northbynorthwestern.com/story/arrested-development/ | title = Feeling fatigued: studying CFS at Northwestern|website=North by Northwestern|language=en|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref> He has become one of the most respected and prolific researchers of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].


In 2008, [[David Tuller]] profiled for ''The New York Times'' [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-chronicfatigue-expert.html Dr. Jason]'s experience as both living with and researching [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS).<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-chronicfatigue-expert.html "Learning Firsthand About Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"]</ref>  
In 2008, [[David Tuller]] profiled for ''The New York Times'' [http://www.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-chronicfatigue-expert.html Dr. Jason]'s experience as both living with and researching [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]/[[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS).<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-chronicfatigue-expert.html | title = Well|access-date=2018-08-21|language=en}}</ref>  


==Education==
==Education==
*1975 - Ph.D., Clinical/Community Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York<ref>http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/</ref>
 
*1971 - B.A., Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts<ref>http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/</ref>
*1971 - B.A., Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/ | title = Leonard A. Jason's Home Page|website=condor.depaul.edu|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref>
*1975 - Ph.D., Clinical/Community Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York<ref name=":0" />


==Awards==
==Awards==
*2015, American Psychological Association’s award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research<ref>http://www.apa.org/about/awards/applied-research.aspx?tab=4</ref>
*2013, DePaul University College of Science and Health award for Excellence in Research<ref>http://csh.depaul.edu/research/faculty-research/Pages/excellence-in-research-award.aspx</ref>
*2011, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]<ref>http://iacfsme.org/Organization/Former-IACFS-ME-Awardees.aspx</ref>
*2011, Tom Fellows award for outstanding contributions to the Oxford House organization<ref>http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/</ref>
*1997, CSN ACTION Champion Award from the Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of America ([[CAA]])<ref>http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/</ref>


==Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee==
*1997, CSN ACTION Champion Award from the Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of America ([[CAA]])<ref name=":0" />
Dr. Jason served as a voting member of the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] for the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] from April 1, 2004 to April 1, 2011.<ref>http://nih.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=nih_e174f9bd-ae0f-4a45-9955-827cb608db2f.pdf</ref>
*2011, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iacfsme.org/iacfs-me-awardees | title = IACFS/ME Awardees|website=
IACFS/ME|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref>
*2011, Tom Fellows award for outstanding contributions to the Oxford House organization<ref name=":0" />
*2013, DePaul University College of Science and Health award for Excellence in Research<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://csh.depaul.edu/research/faculty-research/Pages/excellence-in-research-award.aspx | title = Excellence in Research Award  {{!}}  Faculty Research  {{!}}  Research  {{!}}  College of Science and Health {{!}} DePaul University, Chicago|website=csh.depaul.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref>
*2015, American Psychological Association’s award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/about/awards/applied-research.aspx?tab=4 | title = Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research|website=American Psychological Association|language=en|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref>
 
== Committees and boards ==
 
===Pediatric case definition===


==Open letter to ''The Lancet''==
*2006, A Pediatric Case Definition for [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<ref>{{citation | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A  | authorlink1 = Leonard Jason | last2 = Jordan | first2 = Karen | authorlink2 = Karen Jordan | last3 = Miike | first3 = Teruhisa | authorlink3 = Teruhisa Miike | last4 =Bell | first4 = David S | authorlink4 = David Bell | last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles| authorlink5 = Charles Lapp | last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = Susan | authorlink6 = Susan Torres-Harding | last7 = Rowe | first7 = Kathy | authorlink7 = Kathy Rowe | last8 = Gurwitt | first8 = Alan  | authorlink8 = Alan Gurwitt | last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | authorlink9 = Kenny de Meirleir | last10 = Van Hoof | first10 = Elke LS | authorlink10 = Elke Van Hoof | title = A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 1-44 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.1300/J092v13n02_01 }}</ref> - [https://solvecfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/pediatriccasedefinitionshort.pdf (Full Text)]
Two [[open letter to the Lancet | open letters to the editor of ''The Lancet'']] urged the editor to commission a fully independent review of the [[PACE]] trial, which the journal had published in 2011. The first, written in 2015, was sign by Dr. Jason and 5 of his colleagues. In 2016, thirty-six additional colleagues in the [[ME/CFS]] field, signed the second letter.
*13 November 2015, [http://www.virology.ws/2015/11/13/an-open-letter-to-dr-richard-horton-and-the-lancet/ An open letter to Dr. Richard Horton and The Lancet]<ref>http://www.virology.ws/2015/11/13/an-open-letter-to-dr-richard-horton-and-the-lancet/</ref>
*10 February 2016, [http://www.virology.ws/2016/02/10/open-letter-lancet-again/ An open letter to The Lancet, again - Virology blog]<ref>http://www.virology.ws/2016/02/10/open-letter-lancet-again</ref>


==Pediatric case definition==
===Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee===
Dr. Jason is one of the authors of the Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:
*2004-2011, Dr. Jason served as a voting member of the [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee]] for the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] from April 1, 2004 to April 1, 2011.<ref>http://nih.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=nih_e174f9bd-ae0f-4a45-9955-827cb608db2f.pdf</ref> During his tenure he was chairperson of the Research Subcommittee.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.virology.ws/2018/05/02/trial-by-error-a-q-and-a-with-leonard-jason-on-case-definition/ | title = Trial By Error: A Q-and-A with Leonard Jason, on Case Definition|website=[[Virology blog]]|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref>
*2006, "A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome"<blockquote>"Summary: For a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), most researchers use criteria that were developed by Fukuda et al. (1994), with modifications suggested by Reeves et al. (2003). However, this case definition was established for adults rather than children. A Canadian Case Definition (ME/CFS; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/CFS) has recently been developed, with more specific inclusion criteria (Carruthers et al., 2003). Again, the primary aim of this case definition is to diagnose adult CFS. A significant problem in the literature is the lack of both a pediatric definition of ME/CFS and a reliable instrument to assess it. These deficiencies can lead to criterion variance problems resulting in studies labeling children with a wide variety of symptoms as having ME/CFS. Subsequently, comparisons between articles become more difficult, decreasing the possibility of conducting a meta-analysis. This article presents recommendations developed by the International Association of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Pediatric Case Definition Working group for a ME/CFS pediatric case definition. It is hoped that this pediatric case definition will lead to more appropriate identification of children and adolescents with ME/CFS."<ref name="JasonL2006paed"/></blockquote>


==Recent studies==
=== International American Association of CFS/ME ===
*From good health to illness with post-infectious fatigue syndrome: a qualitative study of adults’ experiences of the illness trajectory [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5369194/ (FULL TEXT)]<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Background:''' Municipal drinking water contaminated with the parasite Giardia lamblia in Bergen, Norway, in 2004 caused an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection in 2500 people, according to the Norwegian Prescription Database. In the aftermath a minor group subsequently developed post-infectious fatigue syndrome (PIFS). Persons in this minor group had laboratory-confirmed parasites in their stool samples, and their enteritis had been cured by one or more courses of antibiotic treatment. The study's purpose was to explore how the affected persons experienced the illness trajectory and various PIFS disabilities. '''Methods:'''  A qualitative design with in-depth interviews was used to obtain first-hand experiences of PIFS. To get an overall understanding of their perceived illness trajectory, the participants were asked to retrospectively rate their functional level at different points in time. A maximum variation sample of adults diagnosed with PIFS according to the international 1994 criteria was recruited from a cohort of persons diagnosed with PIFS at a tertiary Neurology Outpatient Clinic in Western Norway. The sample comprised 19 women and seven men (mean age 41 years, range 26-59). The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to a qualitative content analysis. '''Results:''' All participants had been living healthy lives pre-illness. The time to develop PIFS varied. Multiple disabilities in the physical, cognitive, emotional, neurological, sleep and intolerance domains were described. Everyone more or less dropped out from studies or work, and few needed to be taken care of during the worst period. The severity of these disabilities varied among the participants and during the illness phases. Despite individual variations, an overall pattern of illness trajectory emerged. Five phases were identified: prodromal, downward, turning, upward and chronic phase. All reached a nadir followed by varying degrees of improvement in their functional ability. None regained pre-illness health or personal and professional abilities. '''Conclusion:''' The needs of persons with this condition are not met. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary rehabilitation could be beneficial in altering the downward trajectory at an earlier stage, avoiding the most severe disability and optimising improvement. Enhanced knowledge among health professionals, tailored treatment, rest as needed, financial support and practical help would likely improve prognosis.<ref>Stormorken, E., Jason, L. A., & Kirkevold, M. (2017). From good health to illness with post-infectious fatigue syndrome: a qualitative study of adults’ experiences of the illness trajectory. BMC Family Practice, 18, 49. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0614-4</ref></blockquote>
* 2004-2009, Dr. Jason served as vice president of the [[International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis|International Association of CFS/ME]].
*2017, A content analysis of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] in the news from 1987 to 2013<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Objectives:''' The aim of this study was to analyze the content of American newspaper articles (n=214) from 1987 to 2013, in order to understand how the public digests information related to Chronic Fatigue syndrome, a controversial and misunderstood illness. '''Methods:''' A novel codebook derived from the scientific literature was applied to 214 newspaper articles collected from Lexis Nexis Academic®. These articles were coded quantitatively and frequency tables were created to delineate the variables as they appeared in the articles. '''Results:''' The etiology was portrayed as organic in 64.5% (n=138) of the articles, and there was no mention of case definitions or diagnostic criteria in 56.1% (n=120) of the articles. The most common comorbidity was depression, appearing in 22.9% (n=49) of the articles. In 55.6% (n=119) of the articles, there was no mention of prevalence rates. In 50.9% (n=109) of the articles, there was no mention of any form of treatment for the illness. A total of 19.4% (n=42) of the headlines mislabeled the name of the illness. '''Discussion:''' Based on descriptive statistics of all 214 coded articles, media communicated mixed messages for salient variables such as the name of the illness, its etiology and treatment.<ref name="Siegel, 2017"/></blockquote>
*2017, Clinical criteria versus a possible research case definition in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]/[[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - '''Background:''' The [[Institute of Medicine]] (IOM) recently developed clinical criteria for what had been known as chronic fatigue syndrome. Given the broad nature of the clinical IOM criteria, there is a need for a research definition that would select a more homogenous and impaired group of patients than the IOM clinical criteria. At the present time, it is unclear what will serve as the research definition. '''Purpose:''' The current study focused on a research definition which selected homebound individuals who met the four IOM criteria, excluding medical and psychiatric co-morbidities. '''Methods:''' Our research criteria were compared to those participants meeting the IOM criteria. Those not meeting either of these criteria sets were placed in a separate group defined by six or more months of fatigue. Data analyzed were from the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Due to unequal sample sizes and variances, Welch’s F tests and Games-Howell post-hoc tests were conducted. '''Results:''' Using a large database of over 1000 patients from several countries, we found that those meeting a more restrictive research definition were even more impaired and more symptomatic than those meeting criteria for the other two groups. '''Conclusion:''' Deciding on a particular research case definition would allow researchers to select more comparable patient samples across settings, and this would represent one of the most significant methodologic advances for this field of study.<ref name="Jason, McM, 2017"/></blockquote>
*2017, '''Article''' - "The [[PACE trial]] missteps on pacing and patient selection"<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - "As others have pointed out a variety of complicating factors with the PACE trial (e.g. changing outcome criteria), I will limit my remarks to issues that involve the composition of adaptive pacing therapy and issues involving patient selection. My key points are that the [[PACE trial]] investigators were not successful in designing and implementing a valid pacing intervention and patient selection ambiguity further compromised the study’s outcomes."<ref name="JasonLA, 2017"/></blockquote>
*2017, [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard_Jason/publication/312936696_A_prospective_study_of_Infectious_Mononucleosis_in_college_students/links/588a23cc92851c2779b2568c/A-prospective-study-of-Infectious-Mononucleosis-in-college-students.pdf A Prospective Study of Infectious Mononucleosis in College Students]<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Background:''' The present study aims to prospectively investigate possible biological and psychological factors present in college students who will go on to develop [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) following Infectious [[Mononucleosis]] (IM). Identification of risk factors predisposing patients towards developing [[CFS]] may help to understand the underlying mechanisms and ultimately prevent its occurrence. Our study is enrolling healthy college students over the age of 18. Enrollment began in March of 2013 and is ongoing. '''Methods:''' Biological and psychological data are collected when students are well (Stage 1), when they develop IM (Stage 2), and approximately 6 months after IM diagnosis (Stage 3). '''Results:''' Two case studies demonstrate the progression of student symptomology across all three stages. '''Conclusion:''' The Case Studies presented illustrate the usefulness of a prospective research design that tracks healthy."<ref name="Jason, Katz, 2017"/></blockquote>
*2016, Comparing the [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire]] with physician assessments: a preliminary study<blockquote>'''Results:''' The DSQ identified 60 and the physicians identified 56 as having a CCC diagnosis. The overall agreement between the two ratings on the diagnostic assessment part was moderate (Kappa = 0.45, p < .001). The sensitivity of DSQ was good (98%) while the specificity was 38%. Positive and negative predictive values were 92% and 75%, respectively. '''Conclusion:''' DSQ is useful for detecting and screening symptoms consistent with a CCC diagnosis in clinical practice and research. However, it is important for initial screening of self-report symptoms to be followed up by subsequent medical and psychiatric examination in order to identify possible exclusionary medical and psychiatric disorders.<ref name="Strand, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301720145_Housebound_versus_nonhousebound_patients_with_myalgic_encephalomyelitis_and_chronic_fatigue_syndrome Housebound versus nonhousebound patients with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]]]<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Objectives''': The objective of this study was to examine individuals with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who are confined to their homes due to severe symptomatology. The existing literature fails to address differences between this group, and less severe, nonhousebound patient populations. Methods: Participants completed the [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire]], a measure of [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] symptomology, and the SF-36, a measure of health impact on physical/mental functioning. ANOVAs and, where appropriate, MANCOVAS were used to compare housebound and nonhousebound patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome across areas of functioning, symptomatology, and illness onset characteristics. '''Results:''' Findings indicated that the housebound group represented one quarter of the sample, and were significantly more impaired with regards to physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, sleep, pain, neurocognitive, autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune functioning compared to individuals who were not housebound. '''Discussion:''' Findings indicated that housebound patients have more impairment on functional and symptom outcomes compared to those who were not housebound. Understanding the differences between housebound and not housebound groups holds implications for physicians and researchers as they develop interventions intended for patients who are most severely affected by this chronic illness."<ref name="Pendergrast, 2016"/> </blockquote>
*2016, [https://oatext.com/Estimating-the-disease-burden-of-MECFS-in-the-United-States-and-its-relation-to-research-funding.php Estimating the disease burden of [[ME/CFS]] in the United States and its relation to research funding] <blockquote>'''Abstract''': At the [[National Institutes of Health]](NIH), burden of disease is an important factor in funding decisions along with such factors as scientific opportunity, the quality of the science, and the interest of researchers. Recent studies have quantified the burden for a number of diseases in the United States and the NIH has used that information to analyze how its own funding patterns correspond to disease burden. However, the burden of disease has not been quantified for [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]], also called [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS) and is often underestimated due to a lack of research and the misperceptions about the nature of the disease...Even given the limitations arising from sparse data, this analysis demonstrates that federal research funding for this disease is far less than what would be expected by the burden of the disease. We conclude that the annual research funding for [[ME/CFS]] would need to increase twenty-five fold or more to be commensurate with disease burden. This level of funding would best leverage the growing interest of researchers and the significant scientific opportunities that exist to understand the pathology of this disease and to advance diagnostics and treatments."<ref name="Dimmock, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, [https://www.ecronicon.com/ecne/pdf/ECNE-04-000085.pdf Identifying Key Symptoms Differentiating [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] from [[Multiple Sclerosis]]]<blockquote>'''Abstract''':It is unclear what key symptoms differentiate [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] (ME) and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] (CFS) from [[Multiple Sclerosis]] (MS). The current study compared self-report symptom data of patients with [[ME]] or [[CFS]] with those with MS. The self-report data is from the [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire]], and participants were recruited to take the questionnaire online. Data were analyzed using a machine learning technique called decision trees. Five symptoms best differentiated the groups. The best discriminating symptoms were from the immune domain (i.e., flu-like symptoms and tender lymph nodes), and the trees correctly categorized MS from ME or CFS 81.2% of the time, with those with ME or CFS having more severe symptoms. Our findings support the use of machine learning to further explore the unique nature of these different chronic diseases.<ref name="Ohanian, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, Mortality in patients with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]<ref name="McManimen,Stephanie 2016"/>
*2016, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557649 Deconstructing [[post-exertional malaise]]: An exploratory factor analysis.] <blockquote> '''Abstract:''' [[Post-exertional malaise]] is a cardinal symptom of [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. There are two differing focuses when defining [[post-exertional malaise]]: a generalized, full-body fatigue and a muscle-specific fatigue. This study aimed to discern whether [[post-exertional malaise]] is a unified construct or whether it is composed of two smaller constructs, muscle fatigue and generalized fatigue. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on several symptoms that assess [[post-exertional malaise]]. The results suggest that [[post-exertional malaise]] is composed of two empirically different experiences, one for generalized fatigue and one for muscle-specific fatigue."<ref name="McManimen, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, Assessing current functioning as a measure of significant reduction in activity level<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Background''': [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] have case definitions with varying criteria, but almost all criteria require an individual to have a substantial reduction in activity level. Unfortunately, a consensus has not been reached regarding what constitutes substantial reductions. One measure that has been used to measure substantial reduction is the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-36 Health Survey ([[SF-36]]). '''Purpose:''' The current study examined the relationship between the [[SF-36]], a measure of current functioning, and a self-report measure of the percent reduction in hours spent on activities. Results: Findings indicated that select subscales of the [[SF-36]] accurately measure significant reductions in functioning. Further, this measure significantly differentiates patients from controls. Conclusion: Determining what constitutes a significant reduction in activity is difficult because it is subjective to the individual. However, certain subscales of the SF-36 could provide a uniform way to accurately measure and define substantial reductions in functioning.<ref name="Thorpe, 2016"/>
*2016, [http://via.library.depaul.edu/depaul-disc/vol5/iss1/6/ The Role of Infectious and Stress-related Onsets in [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] Symptomatology and Functioning]
*2016, [https://www.sciforschenonline.org/journals/clinical-research/article-data/CLROA-2-112/CLROA-2-112.pdf Educational Priorities for Healthcare Providers and Name Suggestions for [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]: Including the Patient Voice]
*2016, Intrinsic Functional Hypoconnectivity in Core Neurocognitive Networks Suggests Central Nervous System Pathology in Patients with [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]: A Pilot Study [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294258397_Intrinsic_Functional_Hypoconnectivity_in_Core_Neurocognitive_Networks_Suggests_Central_Nervous_System_Pathology_in_Patients_with_Myalgic_Encephalomyelitis_A_Pilot_Study (FULL TEXT)] <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - Exact low resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was recorded from nineteen EEG channels in nine patients with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and 9 healthy controls to assess current source density and functional connectivity, a physiological measure of similarity between pairs of distributed regions of interest, between groups. Current source density and functional connectivity were measured using eLORETA software. We found significantly decreased eLORETA source analysis oscillations in the occipital, parietal, posterior cingulate, and posterior temporal lobes in Alpha and Alpha-2. For connectivity analysis, we assessed functional connectivity within Menon triple network model of neuropathology. We found support for all three networks of the triple network model, namely the central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), and the default mode network (DMN) indicating hypo-connectivity in the Delta, Alpha, and Alpha-2 frequency bands in patients with ME compared to controls. In addition to the current source density resting state dysfunction in the occipital, parietal, posterior temporal and posterior cingulate, the disrupted connectivity of the CEN, SN, and DMN appears to be involved in cognitive impairment for patients with ME. This research suggests that disruptions in these regions and networks could be a neurobiological feature of the disorder, representing underlying neural dysfunction.<ref name="Zinn, 2016"/><blockquote>
*2016 - qEEG / LORETA in Assessment of Neurocognitive Impairment in a Patient with [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]: A Case Report [https://sciforschenonline.org/journals/clinical-research/CLROA-2-110.php (FULL TEXT)] <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - '''Importance:''' [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]] (CFS) is a chronic disease resulting in considerable and widespread cognitive deficits. Accurate and accessible measurement of the extent and nature of these deficits can aid healthcare providers and researchers in the diagnosis of this condition, choosing interventions and tracking treatment effects. Here, we present a case of a middle-aged man diagnosed with CFS which began following a typical viral illness. Observations: LORETA source density measures of surface EEG connectivity at baseline were performed on 3 minutes of eyes closed deartifacted19-channel qEEG. The techniques used to analyze the data are described along with the hypothesized effects of the deregulation found in this data set. Nearly all (>90%) patients with CFS complain of cognitive deficits such as slow thinking, difficulty in reading comprehension, reduced learning and memory abilities and an overall feeling of being in a “fog.”Therefore, impairment may be seen in deregulated connections with other regions (functional connectivity); this functional impairment may serve as one cause of the cognitive decline in CFS. Here, the functional connectivity networks of this patient were sufficiently deregulated to cause the symptoms listed above. '''Conclusions and significance:''' This case report increased our understanding of CFS from the perspective of brain functional networks by offering some possible explanations for cognitive deficits in patients with CFS. There are only a few reports of using source density analysis or qEEG connectivity analysis for cognitive deficits in CFS. While no absolute threshold exists to advise the physician as to when to conduct such analyses, the basis of his or her decision whether or not to use these tools should be a function of clinical judgment and experience. These analyses may potentially aid in clinical diagnosis, symptom management, treatment response and can alert the physician as to when intervention may be warranted.<ref name="Zinn ML, 2016"/><blockquote>
*2016 - Functional Neural Network Connectivity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297453164_NeuroRegulation_httpwwwisnrorg_Functional_Neural_Network_Connectivity_in_Myalgic_Encephalomyelitis (FULL TEXT)]<blockquote> '''Abstract''' - [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] (ME) is a chronic illness with debilitating neurocognitive impairment that remains poorly understood. Previous studies have characterized cognitive deficits as a process by which brain abnormalities are inferred from pre-established testing paradigms using neuroimaging with low temporal resolution. Unfortunately, this approach has been shown to provide limited predictive power, rendering it inadequate for the study of neuronal communication between synchronized regions. More recent developments have highlighted the importance of modeling spatiotemporal dynamic interactions within and between large-scale and small-scale neural networks on a millisecond time scale. Here, we focus on recent emergent principles of complex cortical systems, suggesting how subtle disruptions of network properties could be related to significant disruptions in cognition and behavior found in ME. This review, therefore, discusses how electrical neuroimaging methods with time-dependent metrics (e.g., coherence, phase, cross-frequency coupling) can be a useful approach for the understanding of the cognitive symptoms in ME. By providing a platform for utilizing real-time alterations of the perpetual signals as an outcome, the disruptions to higher-level cognition typically seen in ME can be readily identified, creating new opportunities for better diagnosis and targeted treatments.<ref name="Zinn&Zinn, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2015.1124520 Case definitions integrating empiric and consensus perspectives]<ref>Jason, L. A., McManimen, S., [[Madison Sunnquist|Sunnquist, M.]], Brown, A., Furst, J., [[Julia Newton|Newton, J. L.]], & [[Elin Strand|Strand, E. B.]] (2016). Case definitions integrating empiric and consensus perspectives. ''Fatigue: biomedicine, health & behavior, 4'' (1), 1-23. doi:10.1080/21641846.2015.1124520</ref>
*2016, Comparing the [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire]] with physician assessments: a preliminary study<blockquote>'''Results''': The [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire|DSQ]] identified 60 and the physicians identified 56 as having a [[Canadian Consensus Criteria|CCC]]] diagnosis. The overall agreement between the two ratings on the diagnostic assessment part was moderate (Kappa = 0.45, p < .001). The sensitivity of DSQ was good (98%) while the specificity was 38%. Positive and negative predictive values were 92% and 75%, respectively. '''Conclusion''': DSQ is useful for detecting and screening symptoms consistent with a CCC diagnosis in clinical practice and research. However, it is important for initial screening of self-report symptoms to be followed up by subsequent medical and psychiatric examination in order to identify possible exclusionary medical and psychiatric disorders."<ref name="Strand, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301720145_Housebound_versus_nonhousebound_patients_with_myalgic_encephalomyelitis_and_chronic_fatigue_syndrome Housebound versus nonhousebound patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome]<blockquote>'''Abstract''' - '''Objectives''': The objective of this study was to examine individuals with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] who are confined to their homes due to severe symptomatology. The existing literature fails to address differences between this group, and less severe, nonhousebound patient populations. '''Methods''': Participants completed the [[DePaul Symptom Questionnaire]], a measure of [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] symptomology, and the [[SF-36]], a measure of health impact on physical/mental functioning. ANOVAs and, where appropriate, MANCOVAS were used to compare housebound and nonhousebound patients with [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] across areas of functioning, symptomatology, and illness onset characteristics. '''Results''': Findings indicated that the housebound group represented one quarter of the sample, and were significantly more impaired with regards to physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, fatigue, [[post-exertional malaise]], sleep, pain, neurocognitive, autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune functioning compared to individuals who were not housebound. '''Discussion''': Findings indicated that housebound patients have more impairment on functional and symptom outcomes compared to those who were not housebound. Understanding the differences between housebound and not housebound groups holds implications for physicians and researchers as they develop interventions intended for patients who are most severely affected by this chronic illness.<ref name="Pendergrast, 2016"/> </blockquote>
*2016, The Relationship between Age and Illness Duration in [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]<blockquote>'''Abstract''':[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] ([[CFS]]) is a debilitating illness, but it is unclear if patient age and illness duration might affect symptoms and functioning of patients. In the current study, participants were categorized into four groups based upon age (under or over age 55) and illness duration (more or less than 10 years). The groups were compared on functioning and symptoms. Findings indicated that those who were older with a longer illness duration had significantly higher levels of mental health functioning than those who were younger with a shorter or longer illness duration and the older group with a shorter illness duration. The results suggest that older patients with an illness duration of over 10 years have significantly higher levels of mental health functioning than the three other groups. For symptoms, the younger/longer illness duration group had significantly worse immune and autonomic domains than the older/longer illness group. In addition, the younger patients with a longer illness duration displayed greater autonomic and immune symptoms in comparison to the older group with a longer illness duration. These findings suggest that both age and illness duration need to be considered when trying to understand the influence of these factors on patients.<ref name="Kidd, 2016"/></blockquote>
*2016, Are [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] and chronic fatigue syndrome different illnesses? A preliminary analysis [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125561/ (FULL TEXT)] <blockquote> '''Abstract''' - Considerable discussion has transpired regarding whether [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] is a distinct illness from [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]]. A prior study contrasted the [[Myalgic Encephalomyelitis]] [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ME-ICC; Carruthers et al., 2011) with the [[Fukuda criteria|Fukuda]] et al. (1994) [[CFS]] criteria and found that the ME-ICC identified a subset of patients with greater functional impairment and physical, mental, and cognitive problems than the larger group who met Fukuda et al. (1994) criteria (Brown et al., 2013). The current study analyzed two discrete data sets and found that the ME-ICC identified more impaired individuals with more severe symptomatology.<ref name="Jason, Sunnquist, 2016"/></blockquote>


==Earlier studies==
*Dr. Jason serves on the editorial board of the journal, [[Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior]], published on behalf of the [[IACFS/ME]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rftg20& | title = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | website = tandfonline.com|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref>


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2014 & 2015]]
===ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDE) Project===
*2017-2018, Dr Jason serves on the Baseline/Covariate Working Group of the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Common Data Element (CDE) Project sponsored by the [[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]] and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis/Chronic%20Fatigue%20Syndrome#pane-138 | title = Complete Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CDE Roster | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = NIH|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>  This working group reviewed data collection instruments widely used by investigators in the [[ME/CFS]] field, and either recommended their use unchanged or (more often) proposed some modifications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis/Chronic%20Fatigue%20Syndrome#pane-166 | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome {{!}} NINDS Common Data Elements | website = commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref>


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2012 & 2013]]
== Advocacy ==


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2010 & 2011]]
=== Chilli ME Challenge ===
* 2015, Leonard Jason and his research team at DePaul University participated in an [[ME/CFS]] awareness and biomedical research [[National Institutes of Health funding|funding]] project which involved eating a hot chili pepper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llCD1tHG2YM | title = DePaul Chili Challenge | last = | first = | date = 2015 | website = YouTube | archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=21 Aug 2018}}</ref> - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llCD1tHG2YM DePaul Chili Challenge video])


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2008 & 2009]]
===Open letter to ''The Lancet''===
Dr Jason signed all three [[open letter to the Lancet|open letters to the editor of ''The Lancet'']] urging the editor to commission a fully independent review of the [[PACE trial]], which the journal published in 2011.
*13 November 2015, [http://www.virology.ws/2015/11/13/an-open-letter-to-dr-richard-horton-and-the-lancet/ An open letter to Dr. Richard Horton and The Lancet]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virology.ws/2015/11/13/an-open-letter-to-dr-richard-horton-and-the-lancet/ | title = An open letter to Dr. Richard Horton and The Lancet | last = Tuller | first = David | date = Nov 13, 2015 | website = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref>
*10 February 2016, [http://www.virology.ws/2016/02/10/open-letter-lancet-again/ An open letter to The Lancet, again - Virology blog]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virology.ws/2016/02/10/open-letter-lancet-again | title = An open letter to The Lancet, again | last = Tuller | first = David | date = Feb 10, 2016 | website = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref>
*19 June 2018, [http://www.virology.ws/2018/06/19/trial-by-error-an-open-letter-to-the-lancet-two-years-on/ An Open Letter to The Lancet, Two Years On]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virology.ws/2018/06/19/trial-by-error-an-open-letter-to-the-lancet-two-years-on/ | title = Trial By Error: An Open Letter to The Lancet, Two Years On | last = Tuller | first = David | date = 19 June 2018 | website = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref>


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2006 & 2007]]
==Research studies related to ME/CFS==
Dr. Leonard Jason is a prolific researcher of [[ME/CFS]]. Recent studies are listed below.


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2004 & 2005]]
'''For complete list of studies: ''[[Research studies of Leonard Jason]]'''''


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason for 2000 - 2003]]
*2019, The 'Cognitive Behavioural Model' of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Critique of a Flawed Model<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Geraghty | first = Keith | authorlink = Keith Geraghty | last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason | last3 = Sunnquist | first3 = Madison | authorlink3 = Madison Sunnquist | last4 = Blease | first4 = Charlotte | authorlink4 = Charlotte Blease | last5 = Tuller | first5 = David | authorlink5 = David Tuller | last6 = Adeniji | first6 = Charles  | authorlink6 = | date = Feb 2019 | title = The 'Cognitive Behavioural Model' of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Critique of a Flawed Model.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330901648_The_'Cognitive_Behavioural_Model'_of_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome__Critique_of_a_Flawed_Model | journal = Journal of Health Psychology | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 2055102919838907 | doi = 10.1177/2055102919838907 |quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330901648_The_'Cognitive_Behavioural_Model'_of_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome_Critique_of_a_Flawed_Model (Full text)]
*2019, Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome case definitions: effects of requiring a substantial reduction in functioning<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Scartozzi | first = Samantha | authorlink = | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = Apr 2019 | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome case definitions: effects of requiring a substantial reduction in functioning | url =https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2019.1600825|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=1–10|doi=10.1080/21641846.2019.1600825|issn=2164-1846|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2019.1600825?journalCode=rftg20 (Abstract)]
*2019, Associations between autonomic and orthostatic self-report and physician ratings of orthostatic intolerance in youth<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Schultz | first = Katlin R. | authorlink = | last2 = Katz | first2 = Ben Z. | authorlink2 = Ben Katz | last3 = Bockian | first3 = Neil R. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | authorlink4 = Leonard Jason | authorlink5 = | date = Mar 2019 | title = Associations Between Autonomic and Orthostatic Self-report and Physician Ratings of Orthostatic Intolerance in Youth|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0149291819300700|journal=Clinical Therapeutics|language=en|volume=41|issue=4 | pages = 633-640|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.02.010}}</ref> - [[pubmed:30876666|(Abstract)]]
*2019, The development of a short form of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire<ref name="Jason2019DSF-SF">{{Cite journal | last = Sunnquist | first = Madison | authorlink = Madison Sunnquist | last2 = Lazarus | first2 = Savitri | authorlink2 = Savitri Lazarus | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jasondate=2019-07-18 | title = The development of a short form of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31318234/|journal=Rehabilitation Psychology|volume=|issue=|pages=|doi=10.1037/rep0000285|issn=1939-1544|pmid=31318234|quote=|via=}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31318234/ (Abstract)]
*2019,  Assessment of Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A patient-driven survey<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Holtzman | first = Carly | authorlink = | last2 = Bhatia | first2 = Shaun | authorlink2 = | last3 = Cotler | first3 = Joseph  | authorlink3 = | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard | authorlink4 = Leonard Jason | authorlink5 = | date = 2019-03-02 | title = Assessment of Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A Patient-Driven Survey|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/1/26|journal=Diagnostics|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=26|doi=10.3390/diagnostics9010026|issn=2075-4418|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/1/26/htm (Full text)]
*2019, Dismissing chronic illness: A qualitative analysis of negative health care experiences<ref>{{Cite journal | last = McManimen | first = Stephanie | authorlink = Stephanie McManimen | last2 = McClellan | first2 = Damani | authorlink2 = | last3 = Stoothoff | first3 = Jamie | authorlink3 = | last4 = Gleason | first4 = Kristen | authorlink4 = | last5 = Jason | first5 = Leonard A. | authorlink5 = Leonard Jason | date = 2019-03-04 | title = Dismissing chronic illness: A qualitative analysis of negative health care experiences|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07399332.2018.1521811|journal=Health Care for Women International|language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=1–18|doi=10.1080/07399332.2018.1521811|issn=0739-9332|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [[pubmed:30829147|(Abstract)]]
*2019, The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Bedree | first = Helen | authorlink = | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = 2019-08-12 | title = The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=1–14|doi=10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471|issn=2164-1846|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471?journalCode=rftg20 (Abstract)]
*2019, Differentiating post-polio syndrome from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Klebek | first = Lauren | authorlink = | last2 = Sunnquist | first2 = Madison | authorlink2 = Madison Sunnquist | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = 2019-11-06 | title = Differentiating post-polio syndrome from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2019.1687117|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=1–11|doi=10.1080/21641846.2019.1687117|issn=2164-1846|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21641846.2019.1687117?journalCode=rftg20 (Abstract)]
*2020, How psychiatric referrals influence stigmatization in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: An examination of American and British models<ref>{{Citation | last = Terman | first = Julia | title = How psychiatric referrals influence stigmatization in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: An examination of American and British models | date = 2019 | url=http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/cpgp/article/view/20653/17750|publisher=University of Salento|language=en|doi=10.1285/i24212113v5i2p19|access-date=2020-05-29 | last2 = Cotler | first2 = Joseph | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A.}}</ref> - [http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/cpgp/article/view/20653 (Abstract)]
*2020, Risk factors for [[suicide]] in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Johnson | first = Madeline L. | authorlink = | last2 = Cotler | first2 = Joseph  | authorlink2 = | last3 = Terman | first3 = Julia M. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Jason | first4 = Leonard A. | authorlink4 = Leonard Jason | date = 2020-06-12 | title = Risk factors for suicide in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1776789|journal=Death Studies|language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=1–7|doi=10.1080/07481187.2020.1776789|issn=0748-1187|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2020.1776789 (Abstract)]
*2020, [[Postviral fatigue syndrome|Post-viral fatigue]] and COVID-19: lessons from past epidemics<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Islam | first = Mohammed F. | authorlink = | last2 = Cotler | first2 = Joseph  | authorlink2 = | last3 = Jason | first3 = Leonard A. | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason | date = 2020-04-02 | title = Post-viral fatigue and COVID-19: lessons from past epidemics|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2020.1778227|journal = Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior |language=en|volume=8|issue=2 | pages = 61–69|doi=10.1080/21641846.2020.1778227|issn=2164-1846|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2020.1778227?src=recsys (Full text)]
*2020, Risks for Developing ME/CFS in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard A | authorlink = Leonard Jason | last2 = Cotler | first2 = Joseph  | authorlink2 = | last3 = Islam | first3 = Mohammed F | authorlink3 = | last4 = Sunnquist | first4 = Madison | authorlink4 = Madison Sunnquist | last5 = Katz | first5 = Ben Z | authorlink5 = Ben Katz | date = 2020-12-25 | title = Risks for Developing ME/CFS in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study|url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1886/6048942|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=|issue=|pages=ciaa1886|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa1886|issn=1058-4838|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://watermark.silverchair.com/ciaa1886.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAArQwggKwBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKhMIICnQIBADCCApYGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMilXiNQTxWgQqH0KXAgEQgIICZ8hRKESkHmZ9W8ITm-3Wp8CTSrDcTGcCAvkH_BRd6aa3eJ (Full text)]


*[[/Studies by Leonard Jason up to 2000]]
==Talks and interviews==


==Talks & Interviews==
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIk37zpecqE Leonard Jason answering questions from members of the Institute of Medicine panel on case definition issues]
*Oct 2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0jqrhJ7giA Defining essential features of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome] (Sweden)]
*2016, [http://iacfsme.org/Conferences/2016-Fort-Lauderdale/Agenda/Professional-Agenda.aspx 12th International IACFS/ME Biennial Clinical and Research Conference, Emerging Science and Clinical Care, ''Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia''](Workshop given with [[Fred Friedberg]], Ph.D.)
*2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aN0Fh0kiUiI "qEEG LORETA CFS Case study - Sci Forschen Inc."] with Leonard Jason, Marcie Zinn, and Mark Zinn
*2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vde2sOzwDTM Leonard Jason's comments at Sept. 27th, 2016 #millionsmissing protest in Chicago]
*Mar 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfKJK1mnJvM Leonard Jason's Presentation to European Network on "Current Situation on Prevalence and Diagnostic Crieria for ME and CFS"]
*Mar 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfKJK1mnJvM Leonard Jason's Presentation to European Network on "Current Situation on Prevalence and Diagnostic Crieria for ME and CFS"]
*Jan 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSFWTs2BbCs Leonard Jason's talk to the Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago on "Understanding Unexplained Illness: From Knowledge to Action"]      [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx5mnnCOuto Slides for "Understanding Unexplained Illness: From Knowledge to Action"]
*Jan 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSFWTs2BbCs Leonard Jason's talk to the Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago on "Understanding Unexplained Illness: From Knowledge to Action"]      [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wx5mnnCOuto Slides for "Understanding Unexplained Illness: From Knowledge to Action"]
*2016, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vde2sOzwDTM Leonard Jason's comments at Sept. 27th, 2016 #millionsmissing protest in Chicago]
*13 Sep 2018, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFim2gz5VQI Appropriately and Accurately Assessing Symptoms in Patients with ME], sponsored by [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]] for the 2018 Science & Discovery Webinar Series
*2016, [http://iacfsme.org/Conferences/2016-Fort-Lauderdale/Agenda/Professional-Agenda.aspx 12th International IACFS/ME Biennial Clinical and Research Conference, Emerging Science and Clinical Care, ''Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia''](Workshop given with [[Fred Friedberg]], Ph.D.)
*2 May 2018, [http://www.virology.ws/2018/05/02/trial-by-error-a-q-and-a-with-leonard-jason-on-case-definition/ Trial By Error: A Q-and-A with Leonard Jason, on Case Definition], interview by [[David Tuller]]
*2016 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aN0Fh0kiUiI "qEEG LORETA CFS Case study - Sci Forschen Inc."] with Leonard Jason, Marcie Zinn, and Mark Zinn
*Oct 2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0jqrhJ7giA Defining essential features of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome] (Sweden)]
*2015, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llCD1tHG2YM DePaul Chili Challenge video]
*2014, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIk37zpecqE Leonard Jason answering questions from members of the Institute of Medicine panel on case definition issues]


===Invest in ME International ME Conference===
===Invest in ME International ME Conference===
*2010, Speaker at the 5th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on ''Key Note Speech: How Case Definitions Can Stigmatize: Implications for Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology''<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC5.shtml#agenda</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC5.shtml#dvd DVD available]
 
*2008, Speaker at the 3rd [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on ''Case Definitions of ME/CFS – including paediatric case definition''<ref>http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#agenda</ref> [http://www.investinme.eu/IIMEC3.shtml#dvd DVD available]
*2008, Speaker at the 3rd [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on ''Case Definitions of ME/CFS – including paediatric case definition''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://investinme.org/cindex.shtml | title = International ME Conferences and Colloquiums Home Page|website=investinme.org|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sph8PUysFIs (Video)]
*2010, Speaker at the 5th [[Invest in ME International ME Conference]] on ''Key Note Speech: How Case Definitions Can Stigmatize: Implications for Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology''<ref name=":1" /> [http://www.investinme.org/IIMEC5.shtml#dvd DVD available]


===ME/CFS Alert===
===ME/CFS Alert===
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtIvyKkFCHw ME/CFS Alert Episode 08 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 1]
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VCQPFopbWs ME/CFS Alert Episode 09 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 2]
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpCzZ3UORo8 ME/CFS Alert Episode 10 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 3]
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpCzZ3UORo8 ME/CFS Alert Episode 10 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 3]
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VCQPFopbWs ME/CFS Alert Episode 09 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 2]
*2011, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtIvyKkFCHw ME/CFS Alert Episode 08 - Dr. Leonard Jason, Pt. 1]


===Web seminars Science for Patients / Wetenschap voor patienten  (The Netherlands, english spoken, dutch subtitles)===
===Web seminars Science for Patients / Wetenschap voor patienten  (The Netherlands, english spoken, dutch subtitles)===
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==Books==
==Books==
*2008, [http://www.springer.com/us/book/9784431734635 ''Fatigue Science for Human Health''], edited by Yatanabe, Y., Evengard, B., [[Benjamin Natelson | Natelson, B.H.]], Jason, L.A., & Kuratsune, H.
 
*2003, [https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-Leonard/dp/047141512X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1474507228&sr=8-3&keywords=Patricia+A.+Fennell ''The Handbook of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome''] by Leonard Jason, [[Patricia Fennell]] and [[Renee Taylor|Renée R. Taylor]].<ref>Leonard Jason, Patricia A. Fennell and Renée R. Taylor. (2003) ''The Handbook of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'' John Wiley & Sons Publishers. ISBN-10: 047141512X ISBN-13: 978-0471415121</ref>
*1998, ''Understanding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Empirical Guide to Assessment and Treatment'', by [[Fred Friedberg]] and Leonard Jason<ref>{{Cite book | url =https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39014174 | title = Understanding chronic fatigue syndrome : an empirical guide to assessment and treatment | last = Friedberg | first = Fred | last2 = Jason | first2 = Leonard | date = 1998 | publisher=American Psychological Association|others=|isbn=1557985111|editor-link=|edition=1st|location=Washington, DC|pages=|chapter=|oclc=39014174|quote= | author-link = Fred Friedberg | authorlink2 = Leonard Jason|editor-last2 = |editor-link2 = }}</ref>
*2001, ''[[Clinician's Guide To Controversial Illnesses: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Multiple Chemical Sensitivities]]'', by [[Renee Taylor|Renée R. Taylor]], [[Fred Friedberg]], and Leonard A. Jason<ref>http://www.prpress.com/Clinicians-Guide-To-Controversial-Illnesses-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-Fibromyalgia-and-Multiple-Chemical-Sensitivities-_p_51.html</ref>  
*2001, ''[[Clinician's Guide To Controversial Illnesses: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Multiple Chemical Sensitivities]]'', by [[Renee Taylor|Renée R. Taylor]], [[Fred Friedberg]], and Leonard A. Jason<ref>http://www.prpress.com/Clinicians-Guide-To-Controversial-Illnesses-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-Fibromyalgia-and-Multiple-Chemical-Sensitivities-_p_51.html</ref>  
*1998, ''Understanding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Empirical Guide to Assessment and Treatment'', by [[Fred Friedberg]] and Leonard Jason<ref>Friedberg, Fred and Jason, Leonard. (1998). ''Understanding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Empirical Guide to Assessment and Treatment''. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN-13: 978-1557985118
*2003, ''[[The Handbook of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]'' by Leonard Jason, [[Patricia Fennell]] and [[Renee Taylor|Renée R. Taylor]].<ref>{{Cite book | url =https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50693363 | title = Handbook of chronic fatigue syndrome | last = Jason | first = Leonard | last2 = Fennell | first2 = Patricia | last3 = Taylor | first3 = Renée R. | date = 2003 | publisher=Wiley|others=|isbn=047141512X|editor-link=|location=Hoboken, N.J.|pages=|chapter=|oclc=50693363|quote= | author-link = Leonard Jason | authorlink2 = Patricia Fennell | authorlink3 = Renee Taylor|editor-last2 = |editor-link2 = }}</ref>
ISBN-10: 1557985111</ref>
*2008, [http://www.springer.com/us/book/9784431734635 ''Fatigue Science for Human Health'']<ref>{{Cite book | url =https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50693363 | title = Handbook of chronic fatigue syndrome | last = Jason | first = Leonard | last2 = Fennell | first2 = Patricia | last3 = Taylor | first3 = Renée R. | date = |publisher=Wiley| year = 2003|isbn=047141512X|location=Hoboken, N.J.|pages=|oclc= | author-link = Leonard Jason | authorlink2 = Patricia Fennell | authorlink3 = Renee Taylor}}</ref>, edited by Yatanabe, Y., [[Birgitta Evengård|Evengard, B.]], [[Benjamin Natelson | Natelson, B.H.]], Jason, L.A., & Kuratsune, H.
*2013, (Book chapter) ''The implications of sensitization and kindling for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]''<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A  | authorlink = Leonard Jason | last2 = Sorenson | first2 = Matthew | authorlink2 = Matthew Sorenson | last3 = Evans | first3 = Meredyth  | authorlink3 = Meredyth Evans | last4 = Brown | first4 =  Abigail | authorlink4 = Abigail Brown | last5 = Flores | first5 = S  | authorlink5 = | last6 = Sunnquist | first6 = Madison | authorlink6 = Madison Sunnquist | last7 = Schafer | first7 = C  | authorlink7 =  | title = The implications of sensitization and kindling for chronic fatigue syndrome|journal= N. Gotsiridze-Columbus (Ed.),Encephalitis, Encephalomyelitis, Encephalopathies: Symptoms, causes and potential complications (pages 73-94)| date = 2013 |publisher= New York: Nova Science}}</ref> - [http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/cpgp/article/view/20653 (Abstract)]


==Online Presence==
==Articles and presentations==
*[http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/ Website]
* Jan 2017, [https://www.leonardjason.com/myths-about-me/ Myths about ME and CFS] - presentation to the Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago regarding myths regarding ME and CFS
*Sep 18, 2017, [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajcp.12181/full "To Serve or Not to Serve: Ethical and Policy Implications"]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Jason | first = Leonard A. | authorlink = Leonard Jason | date = Dec 2017 | title = To Serve or Not to Serve: Ethical and Policy Implications|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ajcp.12181|journal=American Journal of Community Psychology|language=en|volume=60|issue=3-4 | pages = 406–413|doi=10.1002/ajcp.12181|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
 
==Online presence==
*[https://www.leonardjason.com/ Website]
*[https://twitter.com/CenterRes Twitter]
*[https://twitter.com/CenterRes Twitter]
*[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKuFeL4UINGu6Z-fpxkUQ7g YouTube Channel]


==Learn More==
==See also==
*[[Energy Envelope Theory]]
*[[DePaul symptom questionnaire]]
*[[Ethical issues]]
*[[Stigma and discrimination]]
*[[National Institutes of Health funding]]
 
==Learn more==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_A._Jason Wikipedia - Leonard Jason]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_A._Jason Wikipedia - Leonard Jason]
*[http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/ Leonard Jason's Home Page at DePaul University]
*[http://condor.depaul.edu/ljason/ Leonard Jason's Home Page at DePaul University]
==See Also==
*[[DePaul symptom questionnaire]]


==References==
==References==
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| last2  = Zinn                  | first2 =  Mark                    | authorlink2 = Mark Zinn
| last3  = Jason                | first3 = Leonard                  | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| title  = Intrinsic Functional Hypoconnectivity in Core Neurocognitive Networks Suggests Central Nervous System Pathology in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Pilot Study
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| last1  = Zinn                  | first1 = Marcie                  | authorlink1 = Marcie Zinn
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{{Citation
| last1  = Zinn                  | first1 = Marcie                  | authorlink1 = Marcie Zinn
| last2  = Zinn                  | first2 =  Mark                    | authorlink2 = Mark Zinn
| last3  = Jason                | first3 = Leonard                  | authorlink3 = Leonard Jason
| title  = qEEG / LORETA in Assessment of Neurocognitive Impairment in a Patient with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Report
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</References>


[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]  
[[Category:People with ME, CFS, and/or FMS]]  
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:USA researchers]]
[[Category:US researchers]]
[[Category:Psychological paradigm critics]]
[[Category:Psychological paradigm critics]]
[[Category:PACE trial critics]]
[[Category:PACE trial critics]]
[[Category:CFSAC members]]
[[Category:CFSAC members]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Authors]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, April 2, 2023

Source: depaul.edu

Leonard A. Jason, PhD, is a professor of psychology at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, US and Director of the Center for Community Research at DePaul University[1] which includes the DePaul University Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Project. His ME/CFS research is mostly focused on the epidemiology and prevalence of the illness and on the impact of using various case definitions for diagnosis and research.[2]

Dr. Jason developed chronic fatigue syndrome after contracting infectious mononucleosis in 1989, necessitating a leave of absence from his university job for a year and a half. After recovering enough to return to work, he began studying chronic fatigue syndrome: “What I found was that the illness had a lousy name, chronic fatigue syndrome,” he recalled. “It had an even worse case definition. The tests used to assess people’s psychological conditions were inappropriate. The treatments being used were inappropriate. And the prevalence data was not very good. So I said to myself, ‘Boy, I’m gonna have business for the next 20 years.’”[3] He has become one of the most respected and prolific researchers of chronic fatigue syndrome.

In 2008, David Tuller profiled for The New York Times Dr. Jason's experience as both living with and researching myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).[4]

Education[edit | edit source]

  • 1971 - B.A., Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts[5]
  • 1975 - Ph.D., Clinical/Community Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York[5]

Awards[edit | edit source]

  • 1997, CSN ACTION Champion Award from the Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of America (CAA)[5]
  • 2011, Rudy Perpich Senior Lectureship Award, presented to a distinguished CFS/FM scientist, physician or healthcare worker awarded by International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis[6]
  • 2011, Tom Fellows award for outstanding contributions to the Oxford House organization[5]
  • 2013, DePaul University College of Science and Health award for Excellence in Research[7]
  • 2015, American Psychological Association’s award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research[8]

Committees and boards[edit | edit source]

Pediatric case definition[edit | edit source]

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee[edit | edit source]

International American Association of CFS/ME[edit | edit source]

ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDE) Project[edit | edit source]

Advocacy[edit | edit source]

Chilli ME Challenge[edit | edit source]

Open letter to The Lancet[edit | edit source]

Dr Jason signed all three open letters to the editor of The Lancet urging the editor to commission a fully independent review of the PACE trial, which the journal published in 2011.

Research studies related to ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Dr. Leonard Jason is a prolific researcher of ME/CFS. Recent studies are listed below.

For complete list of studies: Research studies of Leonard Jason

  • 2019, The 'Cognitive Behavioural Model' of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Critique of a Flawed Model[18] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome case definitions: effects of requiring a substantial reduction in functioning[19] - (Abstract)
  • 2019, Associations between autonomic and orthostatic self-report and physician ratings of orthostatic intolerance in youth[20] - (Abstract)
  • 2019, The development of a short form of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire[21] (Abstract)
  • 2019, Assessment of Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A patient-driven survey[22] - (Full text)
  • 2019, Dismissing chronic illness: A qualitative analysis of negative health care experiences[23] - (Abstract)
  • 2019, The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study[24] - (Abstract)
  • 2019, Differentiating post-polio syndrome from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome[25] - (Abstract)
  • 2020, How psychiatric referrals influence stigmatization in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: An examination of American and British models[26] - (Abstract)
  • 2020, Risk factors for suicide in chronic fatigue syndrome[27] - (Abstract)
  • 2020, Post-viral fatigue and COVID-19: lessons from past epidemics[28] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Risks for Developing ME/CFS in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study[29] - (Full text)

Talks and interviews[edit | edit source]

Invest in ME International ME Conference[edit | edit source]

ME/CFS Alert[edit | edit source]

Web seminars Science for Patients / Wetenschap voor patienten (The Netherlands, english spoken, dutch subtitles)[edit | edit source]

Books[edit | edit source]

Articles and presentations[edit | edit source]

Online presence[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Education/Academic Appointments – Leonard A. Jason". Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Trial By Error: A Q-and-A with Leonard Jason, on Case Definition". Virology blog. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  3. ↑ "Feeling fatigued: studying CFS at Northwestern". North by Northwestern. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  4. ↑ "Well". Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Leonard A. Jason's Home Page". condor.depaul.edu. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  6. ↑ "IACFS/ME Awardees". IACFS/ME. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Excellence in Research Award | Faculty Research | Research | College of Science and Health | DePaul University, Chicago". csh.depaul.edu. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research". American Psychological Association. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  9. ↑ Jason, Leonard A; Jordan, Karen; Miike, Teruhisa; Bell, David S; Lapp, Charles; Torres-Harding, Susan; Rowe, Kathy; Gurwitt, Alan; De Meirleir, Kenny; Van Hoof, Elke LS (2006), "A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 13 (2–3): 1–44, doi:10.1300/J092v13n02_01
  10. ↑ http://nih.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=nih_e174f9bd-ae0f-4a45-9955-827cb608db2f.pdf
  11. ↑ "Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior". tandfonline.com. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Complete Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CDE Roster". NIH. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | NINDS Common Data Elements". commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  14. ↑ "DePaul Chili Challenge". YouTube. 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  15. ↑ Tuller, David (November 13, 2015). "An open letter to Dr. Richard Horton and The Lancet".
  16. ↑ Tuller, David (February 10, 2016). "An open letter to The Lancet, again".
  17. ↑ Tuller, David (June 19, 2018). "Trial By Error: An Open Letter to The Lancet, Two Years On".
  18. ↑ Geraghty, Keith; Jason, Leonard; Sunnquist, Madison; Blease, Charlotte; Tuller, David; Adeniji, Charles (February 2019). "The 'Cognitive Behavioural Model' of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Critique of a Flawed Model". Journal of Health Psychology. 6 (1): 2055102919838907. doi:10.1177/2055102919838907.
  19. ↑ Scartozzi, Samantha; Sunnquist, Madison; Jason, Leonard A. (April 2019). "Myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome case definitions: effects of requiring a substantial reduction in functioning". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior: 1–10. doi:10.1080/21641846.2019.1600825. ISSN 2164-1846.
  20. ↑ Schultz, Katlin R.; Katz, Ben Z.; Bockian, Neil R.; Jason, Leonard A. (March 2019). "Associations Between Autonomic and Orthostatic Self-report and Physician Ratings of Orthostatic Intolerance in Youth". Clinical Therapeutics. 41 (4): 633–640. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.02.010.
  21. ↑ Sunnquist, Madison; Lazarus, Savitri; Jason, Leonard A. "The development of a short form of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire". Rehabilitation Psychology. doi:10.1037/rep0000285. ISSN 1939-1544. PMID 31318234.
  22. ↑ Holtzman, Carly; Bhatia, Shaun; Cotler, Joseph; Jason, Leonard (March 2, 2019). "Assessment of Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A Patient-Driven Survey". Diagnostics. 9 (1): 26. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9010026. ISSN 2075-4418.
  23. ↑ McManimen, Stephanie; McClellan, Damani; Stoothoff, Jamie; Gleason, Kristen; Jason, Leonard A. (March 4, 2019). "Dismissing chronic illness: A qualitative analysis of negative health care experiences". Health Care for Women International: 1–18. doi:10.1080/07399332.2018.1521811. ISSN 0739-9332.
  24. ↑ Bedree, Helen; Sunnquist, Madison; Jason, Leonard A. (August 12, 2019). "The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2: a validation study". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior: 1–14. doi:10.1080/21641846.2019.1653471. ISSN 2164-1846.
  25. ↑ Klebek, Lauren; Sunnquist, Madison; Jason, Leonard A. (November 6, 2019). "Differentiating post-polio syndrome from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior: 1–11. doi:10.1080/21641846.2019.1687117. ISSN 2164-1846.
  26. ↑ Terman, Julia; Cotler, Joseph; Jason, Leonard A. (2019), How psychiatric referrals influence stigmatization in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: An examination of American and British models, University of Salento, doi:10.1285/i24212113v5i2p19, retrieved May 29, 2020
  27. ↑ Johnson, Madeline L.; Cotler, Joseph; Terman, Julia M.; Jason, Leonard A. (June 12, 2020). "Risk factors for suicide in chronic fatigue syndrome". Death Studies: 1–7. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1776789. ISSN 0748-1187.
  28. ↑ Islam, Mohammed F.; Cotler, Joseph; Jason, Leonard A. (April 2, 2020). "Post-viral fatigue and COVID-19: lessons from past epidemics". Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 8 (2): 61–69. doi:10.1080/21641846.2020.1778227. ISSN 2164-1846.
  29. ↑ Jason, Leonard A; Cotler, Joseph; Islam, Mohammed F; Sunnquist, Madison; Katz, Ben Z (December 25, 2020). "Risks for Developing ME/CFS in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study". Clinical Infectious Diseases: ciaa1886. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1886. ISSN 1058-4838.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "International ME Conferences and Colloquiums Home Page". investinme.org. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  31. ↑ Friedberg, Fred; Jason, Leonard (1998). Understanding chronic fatigue syndrome : an empirical guide to assessment and treatment (1st ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN 1557985111. OCLC 39014174.
  32. ↑ http://www.prpress.com/Clinicians-Guide-To-Controversial-Illnesses-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome-Fibromyalgia-and-Multiple-Chemical-Sensitivities-_p_51.html
  33. ↑ Jason, Leonard; Fennell, Patricia; Taylor, Renée R. (2003). Handbook of chronic fatigue syndrome. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 047141512X. OCLC 50693363.
  34. ↑ Jason, Leonard; Fennell, Patricia; Taylor, Renée R. (2003). Handbook of chronic fatigue syndrome. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 047141512X.
  35. ↑ Jason, Leonard A; Sorenson, Matthew; Evans, Meredyth; Brown, Abigail; Flores, S; Sunnquist, Madison; Schafer, C (2013). The implications of sensitization and kindling for chronic fatigue syndrome. N. Gotsiridze-Columbus (Ed.),Encephalitis, Encephalomyelitis, Encephalopathies: Symptoms, causes and potential complications (pages 73-94). New York: Nova Science.
  36. ↑ Jason, Leonard A. (December 2017). "To Serve or Not to Serve: Ethical and Policy Implications". American Journal of Community Psychology. 60 (3–4): 406–413. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12181.

Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) - Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome is another term for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but one which emphasizes the immunological aspects of the disease. Popular in the 1990s, this term has apparently fallen into disuse.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

biomedical research basic medical research on organisms, such as humans or other living things, that helps increase medical knowledge. (Learn more: me-pedia.org)

cognition Thought processes, including attention, reasoning, and memory.

myalgic encephalomyelitis (M.E.) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.

post-exertional malaise (PEM) - A notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small physical or cognitive exertions. PEM may be referred to as a "crash" or "collapse" and can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain, trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, and others.

etiology The cause of origin, especially of a disease.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - A set of biomedical research institutes operated by the U.S. government, under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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