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Lactic acid
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'''Lactic acid''' is a biologically important acid and a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. The conjugate base of lactic acid is called '''lactate'''. Most of the time, the term "lactic acid" refers to L-lactic acid, the form of lactic acid produced in animals. Some bacteria produce a different form, called [[D-Lactate|D-lactic acid]]. There is evidence that lactic acid in animals may be an important fuel for myocardial [[energy metabolism]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Chatham | first = John C | date = 2002-07-15 | title = Lactate – the forgotten fuel!|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2290415/|journal=The Journal of Physiology|volume=542|issue=Pt 2 | pages = 333|doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2002.020974|issn=0022-3751|pmc=2290415|pmid=12122132}}</ref> == In human disease == === ME/CFS === Elevated ventricular lactate has been found in the brains of ME/CFS patients.<ref name="Natelson, 2017">{{Cite journal | last1 = Natelson | first1 =Benjamin | author-link1 = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Mao | first2 = Xiangling | author-link2 = | last3 = Stegner | first3 = Aaron J | author-link3 = | last4 = Lange | first4 = Gudrun | author-link4 = Gudrun Lange | last5 = Vu | first5 = Diana| author-link5 = | last6 = Blate | first6 = Michelle| author-link6 = | last7 = Kang | first7 = Guoxin | author-link7 = | last8 = Soto | first8 = Eli | author-link8 = | last9 = Kapusuz | first9 = Tolga| author-link9 = | last10 = Shungu | first10 = Dikoma C | author-link10 = | title = Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 375 | issue = | page = 411-416 | date = 2017 | pmid = | pmc = PMC5393352 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5393352/ | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046}}</ref> Elevated blood lactate has been found in both resting ME/CFS patients<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Ghali | first = Alaa | last2 = Lacout | first2 = Carole | last3 = Ghali | first3 = Maria | last4 = Gury | first4 = Aline | last5 = Beucher | first5 = Anne-Berengere | last6 = Lozac’h | first6 = Pierre | last7 = Lavigne | first7 = Christian | last8 = Urbanski | first8 = Geoffrey | date = 2019-12-11 | title = Elevated blood lactate in resting conditions correlate with post-exertional malaise severity in patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55473-4|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=1–9|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-55473-4|issn=2045-2322}}</ref> and following exertion. ME/CFS patients with higher elevated lactate at rest may have more severe post-exertional malaise after activity.<ref name=":0" /> == See also == * [[Lactate dehydrogenase]] * [[Lactic acidosis]] * [[D-lactic acid]] == Learn more == https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-sciences-practice/physical-sciences-practice-tut/e/enzymes---passage-2 {{Stub}} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Anaerobic respiration]] [[Category:Metabolism]]
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