L-carnitine
L-carnitine is a derivative of the amino acid, lysine. It is required for the transport of fatty acids from the intermembraneous space in the mitochondria, into the mitochondrial matrix during the breakdown of lipids (fats) for the generation of metabolic energy.[1]
Research[edit | edit source]
Chronic fatigue syndrome patients have been found to have statistically significantly lower serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine levels. These serum levels were also found to correlate with clinical symptomatology. Higher serum carnitine levels correlated with better functional capacity. These findings may be indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction.[2]
In a study in 1997 both L-carnitine and Amantadine were tested on 30 CFS patients. Amandatine was not well tolerated but the L-carnitine was found to be very safe and to improve the clinical status of CFS patients.[3] Sarah Myhill checks Acetyl-L-carnitine levels as part of her Mitochondrial Function tests.[4]
A study of the levels of serum ACR in Japanese patients with various kinds of diseases, a significant decrease was only found in patients with CFS and chronic hepatitis type C, indicating that this might be a characteristic abnormality in only certain types of diseases.[5]
The finding of CFS patients having lower carnitine levels was not reproduced in a study in 2000. They conclude based on 25 patients and 25 control that "there is no The present study demonstrates that serum carnitine deficiency does not contribute to or causes the symptoms in many CFS patients".[6] While this study indicates that not all CFS patients have these low levels it seems strong to claim there is no link for 'many' patients, given the study size.
In 2004 acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl-L-carnitine, and its combination were compared in 3 groups of 30 CFS patients during 24 weeks. Acetylcarnitine significantly improved mental fatigue and propionylcarnitine improved general fatigue.[7]
In 2011 another study on 44 CFS patients and 49 healthy controls found that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome exhibited significantly altered concentrations of acylcarnitines. Significant correlations between acylcarnitine concentrations and clinical symptomology were also demonstrated. They proposed that this disturbance in carnitine homeostasis could possibly be a result of the accumulation of omega-6 fatty acids previously observed in this patient population. They hypothesized that the administration of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with l-carnitine would increase CPT-I activity and improve chronic fatigue syndrome symptomology.[8]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wikipedia - Carnitine
- ↑ Plioplys, A. V.; Plioplys, S. (1995), "Serum levels of carnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical correlates", Neuropsychobiology, 32 (3): 132–138, ISSN 0302-282X, PMID 8544970
- ↑ Plioplys, A. V.; Plioplys, S. (1997), "Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome", Neuropsychobiology, 35 (1): 16–23, ISSN 0302-282X, PMID 9018019
- ↑ Dr Myhill - L-Carnitine
- ↑ Kuratsune, H.; Yamaguti, K.; Lindh, G.; Evengard, B.; Takahashi, M.; Machii, T.; Matsumura, K.; Takaishi, J.; Kawata, S.; Långström, B.; Kanakura, Y.; Kitani, T.; Watanabe, Y. (July 1998), "Low levels of serum acylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic hepatitis type C, but not seen in other diseases", International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2 (1): 51–56, ISSN 1107-3756, PMID 9854142
- ↑ Soetekouw, Patricia M. M. B; Wevers, Ron A; Vreken, Peter; Elving, Lammy D; Janssen, Antoon J. M; van der Veen, Yvette; Bleijenberg, Gijs; van der Meer, Jos W. M (July 2000), "Normal carnitine levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome", The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 57 (1): 20–24, doi:10.1016/S0300-2977(00)00030-9, ISSN 0300-2977, retrieved November 9, 2016
- ↑ Vermeulen, Ruud C. W.; Scholte, Hans R. (April 2004), "Exploratory open label, randomized study of acetyl- and propionylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome", Psychosomatic Medicine, 66 (2): 276–282, ISSN 1534-7796, PMID 15039515
- ↑ Reuter, S. E.; Evans, A. M. (July 1, 2011), "Long-chain acylcarnitine deficiency in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Potential involvement of altered carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity", Journal of Internal Medicine, 270 (1): 76–84, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02341.x, ISSN 1365-2796, retrieved November 9, 2016
