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Influenza vaccine
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=== Research === Limited available research on the subject has found influenza vaccination safe and effective for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) patients.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> A 2000 double-blind, randomized control trial of 40 CFS patients and 21 health controls studying antibody response found "influenza immunization is safe, not associated with any excess early reactions, and stimulates an immunizing response comparable with that of healthy volunteers."<ref name=":3" /> A 2012 study of [[immune response]] found "The [[Humoral immunity|humoral]] and [[Cellular immune response|cellular immune responses]] upon influenza vaccination were comparable in CFS patients and healthy controls...Standard seasonal influenza vaccination is thus justified and, when indicated, should be recommended for patients suffering from CFS."<ref name=":5" /> A 2002 survey on CFS patients' views of the vaccine noted that CFS patients in both treatment and placebo groups for influenza vaccination reported four times the adverse effects of healthy controls in the treatment group (i.e. healthy people who were vaccinated) and "data re-analysis revealed that this finding was related to the overlap of common, post-influenza immunization symptoms and CFS constitutional symptoms," putting CFS patients at risk of misattributing causality and "reject[ing] disease prevention strategies such as immunization."<ref name=":4" /> A 2015 study that immunized 19 [[fibromyalgia]] (FM/FMS) patients and 38 healthy controls with the influenza vaccine found no severe vaccination reactions and no worsening of FMS symptoms, as measured by pre- and six-weeks-post-vaccination [[fibromyalgia impact questionnaire]] (FIQ), the [[widespread pain index]] (WPI) checklist and the [[symptoms severity scale]] (SSS).<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal | last = Ablin | first = J.N. | last2 = Aloush | first2 = V. | last3 = Brill | first3 = A. | last4 = Berman | first4 = M. | last5 = Barzilai | first5 = M. | last6 = Caspi | first6 =D. | last7 = Mandelboim | first7 = M. | last8 = Levartovsky | first8 =D. | last9 = Polachek | first9 = A. | date = 2015-09-16 | title = Influenza vaccination is safe and effective in patients suffering from fibromyalgia syndrome | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492963|journal=Reumatismo|volume=67|issue=2 | pages = 57β61|doi=10.4081/reumatismo.2015.823|issn=0048-7449|pmid=26492963}}</ref> Meanwhile the study also found protective immune response in both fibromyalgia patients and health controls, and thus concluded "Influenza vaccination was both safe and effective in FMS patients. In view of these results, FMS patients should be encouraged to undergo influenza vaccination according to the standard [[World Health Organization|WHO]] recommendations."<ref name=":7" /> A 2015 complete population study of data from 2009 to 2012 in Norway, following the country's mass vaccination during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, found that vaccination produced no increased risk of subsequent CFS/ME diagnosis. By contrast, infection with influenza more than doubled the risk of developing CFS/ME.<ref name=":6" />
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