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Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
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[[File:H1N1 virus particles.jpg|200px|thumb|right| This colorized transmission electron micrograph shows H1N1 influenza virus particles. Surface proteins on the virus particles are shown in black]] '''Influenza A virus subtype H1N1''', commonly known as the '''swine flu''' virus, is the subtype of [[influenza A]] virus that caused the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009. An earlier H1N1 variant is also believed to have caused the 1918-1919 pandemic known as the [[#Spanish_flu|Spanish flu]].<ref name="PMC3004067">{{Cite journal | last = Anhlan | first = Darisuren | authorlink = | last2 = Grundmann | first2 = Norbert | authorlink2 = | last3 = Makalowski | first3 = Wojciech | authorlink3 = | last4 = Ludwig | first4 = Stephan | authorlink4 = | last5 = Scholtissek | first5 = Christoph | authorlink5 = | date = Jan 2011 | title = Origin of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus as studied by codon usage patterns and phylogenetic analysis | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004067/|journal=RNA|volume=17|issue=1 | pages = 64β73|doi=10.1261/rna.2395211|issn=1355-8382|pmc=3004067|pmid=21068184|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==H1N1 2009 pandemic == Influenza A subtype H1N1 strains caused a small percentage of all human flu infections in 2004β2005. In June 2009, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) declared a new strain of swine origin as a pandemic, naming it A/H1N1pdm09. It spread worldwide and had caused about 17,000 deaths by the start of 2010. The H1N1 influenza pandemic was declared over on August 10, 2010.<ref name="NHS-swine flu">{{Cite web | url = https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swine-flu/ | title = Swine flu (H1N1) | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 2018-10-03 | website = [[National Health Service]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-11}}</ref> This variant of H1N1 is now a strain found in the usual [[Influenza|seasonal flu]] group. Many people now have some level of immunity to this flu virus, so it is no longer considered as much of a concern as it was during 2009-2010. H1N1 protection has been included in the annual [[Influenza vaccine|flu vaccine]]s for a number of years now.<ref name="NHS-swine flu" /><ref name="flu-jab" /> ==Spanish flu == The H1N1 variant that caused the 1918-1919 "Spanish flu" pandemic was also believed to have come from swine (pigs), before mutating to infect humans.<ref name="PMC3004067" /> ==Other swine flu viruses== Other strains of inflenza A that evolved from swine include: *[[Influenza A virus subtype H1N2]] *[[Influenza A virus subtype H3N2]] ==Influenza vaccines== Annual [[influenza vaccine]]s protect against different influenza A subtypes including H1N1 and [[influenza A virus subtype H3N2|H3N2]], and both groups of inflenza B.<ref name="flu-jab">{{Cite web | title = Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 2021-11-02 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-11 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/keyfacts.htm}}</ref><ref name="UKvaccine">{{Cite web | url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1018779/Influenza_vaccination_information_document_for_healthcare_practitioners.pdf | title =The national influenza immunisation programme 2021 to 2022 | date =Aug 2021|publisher=Public Health England}}</ref> == ME/CFS == * 2015, [[pubmed:26475444|Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is associated with pandemic influenza infection, but not with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine.]]<ref name="Magnus2015">{{Cite journal | last = Magnus | first = Per | last2 = Gunnes | first2 = Nina | last3 = Tveito | first3 = Kari | last4 = Bakken | first4 = Inger Johanne | last5 = Ghaderi | first5 = Sara | last6 = Stoltenberg | first6 = Camilla | last7 = Hornig | first7 = Mady | last8 = Lipkin | first8 = W. Ian | last9 = Trogstad | first9 = Lill | date = 2015-11-17 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is associated with pandemic influenza infection, but not with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475444|journal=Vaccine|volume=33|issue=46 | pages = 6173β6177|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.018|issn=1873-2518|pmid=26475444|via= | authorlink4 = Inger Johanne Bakken | authorlink7 = Mady Hornig | authorlink8 = Ian Lipkin}}</ref> <blockquote>Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection was associated with a more than two-fold increased risk of [[CFS/ME]]. We found no indication of increased risk of CFS/ME after vaccination. Our findings are consistent with a model whereby symptomatic infection, rather than antigenic stimulation may trigger CFS/ME.<ref name="Magnus2015" /></blockquote> == Learn more == *[https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swine-flu/ Swine flu] - NHS *[https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htm Types of Inflenza] - CDC == See also == * [[Influenza]] (seasonal) * [[Influenza B]] * [[Influenza vaccine]] * [[Vaccine]] * [[:Category:Influenza viruses|Influenza viruses (category)]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Infectious agents]] [[Category:Triggers and risk factors]] [[Category:Virology]] [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Viruses]] [[Category:Influenza viruses]]
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