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Influenza
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[[File:Symptoms of influenza.svg|350px|thumb|class=white|right]] '''Influenza''', commonly known as "'''the flu'''", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. There are four types of influenza virus, types [[#influenza_A]] and [[#Influenza_B|B]] (seasonal), [[#Influenza_C|C]] which is less frequent causing mild infections and not a public health threat, and [[#Influenza_D|D]] which primarily infects cattle and is not known to infect or cause illness in people. Seasonal influenza is characterized by a sudden onset [[fever]] or feeling feverish/chills, a [[cough]] (usually dry), [[headache]], [[muscle pain]] and [[joint pain]], severe [[malaise]] (feeling unwell), [[fatigue]], [[sore throat]] and runny or stuffy nose. [[Vomiting]] and [[diarrhea]] is more common in children than adults.<ref name="WHOleaflet">{{Cite web | url = http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal) | title = Influenza (Seasonal)|website=[[World Health Organization]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref><ref name="CDC-symptoms">{{Cite web | url = https://www.cdc.gov/flu/consumer/symptoms.htm | title = Flu Symptoms & Complications {{!}} Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | date = 2018-06-05 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> ==Influenza A== Influenza A is a major subtype of flu viruses, there are 18 known HA and 11 NA subtypes of influenza A, although of those that can infect humans only '''H1N1''' and '''H3N2''' are currently in wide circulation.<ref name="fluA-CDC">{{Cite web | url = https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/influenza-a-virus-subtypes.htm | title = Influenza Type A Viruses {{!}} Avian Influenza (Flu) | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 2020-02-10 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-03-22}}</ref> ===Avian flu=== Avian influenza viruses are influenza A viruses, and infect birds including chickens, ducks and wild birds but rarely infect people.<ref name="fluA-CDC" /> Influenza A virus subtypes H5, H7 and H9 are the most likely to infect humans, particularly '''H5N1''' and '''H7N9'''. H5N1 has infected people in 16 different countries, and kills around 50% of people it infects.<ref name="fluA-CDC" /> ===Swine flu=== Swine flu is the subtype of influenza A known as [[H1N1]]. ==Influenza B== The other main type of flu is influenza B.<ref name="fluA-CDC" /> ==Influenza C== Influenza C is less common than influenza A and B.<ref name="fluA-CDC" /> ==Influenza D== Influenza D is less common than influenza A or influenza B.<ref name="fluA-CDC" /> == Epidemiology == All age groups can be infected with flu but there are groups that are at more risk than others. * children under 59 months * health care workers * elderly * pregnant women * individuals with chronic medical conditions :* [[asthma]] :* [[Cardiac problems in ME/CFS|cardiac]] :* [[Diabetes]] :* hematologic :* [[liver]] :* [[metabolic]] :* neurodevelopmental :* pulmonary :* renal (kidney related) * individuals with immunosuppressive conditions ** HIV/AIDS ** malignancy (cancer) ** receiving chemotherapy or [[:Category:Steroids|steroids]]<ref name="WHOleaflet" /><ref name="CDC-symptoms" /> Influenza spreads easily with rapid transmission in crowded areas such as schools and nursing homes. Sneezing and coughing spreads droplets containing [[Virus|viruses]] which can spread over three feet. Persons within range can become infected by breathing in these droplets. The virus also spreads by hands contaminated with influenza. From time of infection to illness is about 2 days but can be one to four days.<ref name="WHOleaflet" /> == See also == * [[Flu-like symptoms]] * [[Influenza A virus subtype H1N1]] * [[Influenza vaccine]] * [[Vaccine]] == Learn more == * [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/consumer/symptoms.htm Flu Symptoms - What are the emergency warning signs of flu sickness?]<ref name="CDC-symptoms" /> (Adults, children, and infants.) * [https://blausen.com/en/video/influenza/ Influenza]<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://blausen.com/en/video/influenza/ | title = Influenza|website=Blausen Medical | date = 2015-11-19|access-date=2018-08-25}}</ref> Video short * [http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal) Influenza (Seasonal)]<ref name="WHOleaflet" /> Fact Sheet - World Health Organization * [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/influenza-a-virus-subtypes.htm Influenza A subtypes] - CDC * [https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/influenza-a-virus-subtypes.htm H5N1] - CDC == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Infectious diseases]] [[Category:Viral diseases]] [[Category:Triggers and risk factors]] [[Category:Virology]] [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Viruses]] [[Category:Influenza viruses]]
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