Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Immunoglobulin G
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
'''Immunoglobulin G''' or '''IgG''' or '''immune gamma globulin''' is a the most common class of antibody in human [[blood]], making up 80% of the antibodies, and is also found in tissue spaces.<ref name="18.1-OpenStax" /> IgG antibodies bind to [[phagocyte]]s, have γ (gamma) heavy chains and can cross the [[placenta]].<ref name="18.1-OpenStax" /> The IgG class consists of [[#IgG1|IgG1]], [[#IgG2|IgG2]], [[IgG3|IgG3]] and [[#IgG4|IgG4]].<ref name="pid">{{Cite web | url = https://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/igg-subclass-deficiency | title = IgG Subclass Deficiency | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = Immune Deficiency Foundation|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2022-01-26}}</ref> ==Function == IgG is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, giving unborn and new born babies protection against contagious diseases and other [[Infection|infections]].<ref name="18.1-OpenStax">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/18-1-overview-of-specific-adaptive-immunity | url = https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction | title = Microbiology | last = Parker | first = Nina | authorlink= | last2 = Schneegurt | first2 = Mark | authorlink2 = | date = Nov 1, 2016 | website = OpenStax|location=Houston, Texas|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-07-09 | last3 = Tu | first3 = Anh-Hue Thi | last4 = Lister | first4 = Philip | last5 = Forster | first5 = Brian M.|chapter=18.1 Overview of Specific Adaptive Immunity}}</ref> [[File:IgG-antibody.jpg|thumb|left|The typical four-chain structure of a generic antibody monomer, for example IgG.<ref name="18.1-OpenStax" /><br>Source: {{Cite book |chapter-url=https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/18-1-overview-of-specific-adaptive-immunity | url = https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction | title = Microbiology | last = Parker | first = Nina | last2 = Schneegurt | first2 = Mark | last3 = Tu | first3 = Anh-Hue Thi | last4 = Lister | first4 = Philip | last5 = Forster | first5 = Brian M. | date = Nov 1, 2016 | website = OpenStax|location=Houston, Texas|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|chapter=18.1 Overview of Specific Adaptive Immunity}}]] ==IgG1== The most common IgG antibody.<ref name="pid" /> ==IgG2== The most common IgG antibody.<ref name="pid" /> ==IgG3== '''IgG3''' or '''immunoglobulin G3''' level along with other factors was found to be predictive of the likelihood of developing [[Long COVID]] after [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]] infection by Cervia et al. (2022).<ref name="Cervia2022" /> IgG3 deficiencies have been found in some ME/CFS patients.<ref name="Lutz2021" /> ==IgG4== IgG4 deficiencies have been found in some ME/CFS patients, but IgG4 subclass deficiency without other IgG deficiencies is not considered a primary immunodeficiency.<ref name="pid" /><ref name="Lutz2021" /> ==<span id="IVIG">ME/CFS</span>== [[#IgG3|IgG3]] and [[#IgG4|IgG4]] deficiencies were found in a significant number of ME/CFS patients by Lutz et al. (2021), who reported that these were the most common unclassified antibody deficiencies in the 17.6% of ME/CFS patients with unclassified antibody deficiencies.<ref name="Lutz2021" /> '''IVIG''' or '''intravenous immunoglobulin''' or '''gamma globulin therapy''', an immunoglobulin treatment that typically includes IgG, has been investigated for ME/CFS, with positive results shown for some patients.<ref name="Lloyd1990" /> {{See also|Intravenous immunoglobulin}} ==Fibromyalgia == In 2021, Goebel et al. published research showing that [[fibromyalgia]] may be an [[immune system]] disease mediated by IgG; in an animal study on mice they found that the mice developed pain and cold intolerance symptoms consistent with [[fibromyalgia]] after receiving IgG from the blood of patients with fibromyalgia.<ref name="Goebel2021" /> ==Long COVID == Cervia et al. (2022) found that both IgG3 and [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], when combined with other factors including age, presence of five symptoms ([[fever]], [[fatigue]], [[cough]], [[dyspnea|shortness of breath]], [[digestive problems|gastrointestinal symptoms]] during COVID-19 infection), acted as biomarkers to predict who would develop [[Long COVID]] after SARS-CoV-2 infection.<ref name="Cervia2022" /> ==News and articles == <blockquote>"Andersson and his colleagues harvested blood from 44 people with fibromyalgia and injected purified antibodies from each of them into different mice. The mice rapidly became more sensitive to pressure and cold, and displayed reduced grip strength in their paws. Animals injected with antibodies from healthy people were unaffected."<ref name="GuardianJul2021" /></blockquote> Prof Camilla Svensson from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, who was also involved in the study, said: <blockquote>"Antibodies from people with fibromyalgia living in two different countries, the UK and Sweden, gave similar results, which adds enormous strength to our findings."<ref name="GuardianJul2021">{{Cite web | url = http://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/01/fibromyalgia-may-be-a-condition-of-the-immune-system-not-the-brain-study | title = Fibromyalgia may be a condition of the immune system not the brain – study | date = 2021-07-01 | website = the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-07-08}}</ref></blockquote> ==Notable studies == *1998, IgG subclass deficiencies in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name=":1988"></ref> - [ (Abstract)] *1990, A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Lloyd1990">{{Cite journal | title = A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | date = Nov 1990 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2146875/|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=89|issue=5 | pages = 561–568 | last = Lloyd | first = A. | authorlink = Andrew Lloyd | last2 = Hickie | first2 = I. | authorlink2 = Ian Hickie | last3 = Wakefield | first3 =D. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Boughton | first4 = C. | authorlink4 = | last5 = Dwyer | first5 = J. | authorlink5 = |doi=10.1016/0002-9343(90)90173-b|pmc=|pmid=2146875|access-date=|issn=0002-9343|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2146875 (Abstract)] * 2021, Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice<ref name="Goebel2021">{{Cite journal | last = Goebel | first = Andreas | last2 = Krock | first2 = Emerson | last3 = Gentry | first3 = Clive | last4 = Israel | first4 = Mathilde R. | last5 = Jurczak | first5 = Alexandra | last6 = Urbina | first6 = Carlos Morado | last7 = Sandor | first7 = Katalin | last8 = Vastani | first8 = Nisha | last9 = Maurer | first9 = Margot | date = 2021-07-07 | title = Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice | url = https://www.jci.org/articles/view/144201?key=51bf6d85e305f6b62f87#SEC4|journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation|language=en|volume=131|issue=13|doi=10.1172/JCI144201|issn=0021-9738}}</ref> - [https://www.jci.org/articles/view/144201?key=51bf6d85e305f6b62f87#SEC4 (Full text)] *2021, Evaluation of Immune Dysregulation in an Austrian Patient Cohort Suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="Lutz2021">{{Cite journal | title = Evaluation of Immune Dysregulation in an Austrian Patient Cohort Suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2021-09-14 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465819/|journal=Biomolecules|volume=11|issue=9|pages=1359 | last = Lutz | first = Lena | last2 = Rohrhofer | first2 = Johanna | last3 = Zehetmayer | first3 = Sonja | last4 = Stingl | first4 = Michael | last5 = Untersmayr | first5 = Eva|doi=10.3390/biom11091359|pmc=8465819|pmid=34572574|issn=2218-273X}}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465819/ (Full text)] *2021, Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of Long-COVID and association with one-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study<ref name="Evans2021">{{Cite journal | title = Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of Long-COVID and association with one-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study | date = 2021-12-20 | url = https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.21267471v2|journal=Medrxiv|volume=|issue= | pages = 2021.12.13.21267471 | last = ((Writing Group (on behalf of the PHOSP-COVID Collaboration Group))) | first = | authorlink = | last2 = Evans | first2 = Rachael A. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Leavy | first3 = Olivia C. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Richardson | first4 = Matthew | authorlink4 = | last5 = Elneima | first5 = Omer | authorlink5 = | last6 = McAuley | first6 = Hamish J.C. | authorlink6 = | last7 = Shikotra | first7 = Aarti | last8 = Singapuri | first8 = Amisha | last9 = Sereno | first9 = Marco | last10 = Saunders | first10 = Ruth M. | last11 = Harris | first11 = Victoria Claire|language=en|doi=10.1101/2021.12.13.21267471|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.13.21267471 (Full text)] *2022, Immunoglobulin signature predicts risk of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome<ref name="Cervia2022">{{Cite journal | title = Immunoglobulin signature predicts risk of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome | date = 2022-01-25 | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27797-1|journal=Nature Communications|volume=13|issue=1 | pages = 446 | last = Cervia | first = Carlo | last2 = Zurbuchen | first2 = Yves | last3 = Taeschler | first3 = Patrick | last4 = Ballouz | first4 = Tala | last5 = Menges | first5 = Dominik | last6 = Hasler | first6 = Sara | last7 = Adamo | first7 = Sarah | last8 = Raeber | first8 = Miro E. | last9 = Bächli | first9 = Esther | last10 = Rudiger | first10 = Alain | last11 = Stüssi-Helbling | first11 = Melina|language=en|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27797-1|issn=2041-1723}}</ref> - [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-27797-1 (Full text)] ==Learn more == * [https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/18-1-overview-of-specific-adaptive-immunity Overview of specific adaptive autoimmunity] - OpenStax *[https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/21-5-the-immune-response-against-pathogens The Immune Response against Pathogens] - OpenStax ==See also == *[[Immunoglobulin A]] *[[Immunoglobulin M]] *[[Fibromyalgia]] *[[Adaptive immune system]] ==References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Antibodies]] [[Category:Immunology]] [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] [[Category:Glycoproteins]] [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Immunomodulators]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
MediaWiki:Colon-separator/en
(
view source
)
MediaWiki:Seealso/en
(
view source
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Full stop
(
edit
)
Template:GetFallback
(
edit
)
Template:LangSwitch
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:See also
(
edit
)
Template:Uselang
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
This page is a member of a hidden category:
Category:Pages with reference errors
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs