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Immunoadsorption
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'''Immunoadsorption''' or '''IA''' is an the technique by which [[immunoglobulin]]s, especially undesirable antibodies, are removed from blood [[plasma]]. '''Repeat Immunoadsorption''' or '''RIA''' involves a series of immunoadsorption treatments at fixed intervals.<ref name="Stein2013" /> Immonoadsorption is an [[apheresis]] treatment which has been investigated for [[ME/CFS]] and [[Long COVID]] patients.<ref name="Scheibenbogen2018" /><ref name="Stein2013" /> ==Theory== A number of studies have found that a subset of [[ME/CFS]] patients have abnormal autoantibodies in their blood; immunoadsorption could be used to remove these autoantibodies with the aim of improving symptoms or potentially curing [[ME/CFS]] in those patients.<ref name="Scheibenbogen2018" /> ==Evidence== A pilot study published before peer-review found Repeat Immunoadsorption was effective in improving ME/CFS symptoms in 10 patients with Long COVID who met the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] for ME/CFS, after developing ME/CFS after COVID-19 infection.<ref name="Stein2013" /> ==Notable studies == *2023, Observational Study of Repeat Immunoadsorption (RIA) in Post-COVID ME/CFS Patients with Elevated Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies<ref name="Stein2013">{{Cite journal|title=Observational Study of Repeat Immunoadsorption (RIA) in Post-COVID ME/CFS Patients with Elevated Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies|date=2023-09-01|url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23294813v1|journal=medrxiv|pages=2023.08.31.23294813|last=Stein|first=Elisa|author-link=Elisa Stein|last2=Heindrich|first2=Cornelia|last3=Wittke|first3=Kirsten|last4=Kedor|first4=Claudia|last5=Kim|first5=Laura|last6=Freitag|first6=Helma|author-link6=Helma Freitag|last7=Krueger|first7=Anne|author-link7=Anne Krueger|last8=Toelle|first8=Markus|author-link8=Markus Toelle|last9=Scheibenbogen|first9=Carmen|author-link9=Carmen Scheibenbogen|language=en|doi=10.1101/2023.08.31.23294813}}</ref> - [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.23294813 (Preprint - Full text)] *2018, Immunoadsorption to remove ß2 adrenergic receptor antibodies in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFS/ME<ref name="Scheibenbogen2018">{{Cite journal | last = Scheibenbogen | first = Carmen | authorlink = Carmen Scheibenbogen | last2 = Loebel | first2 = Madlen | authorlink2 = Madlen Löbel | last3 = Freitag | first3 = Helma | authorlink3 = Helma Freitag | last4 = Krueger | first4 = Anne | authorlink4 =Anne Krueger | last5 = Bauer | first5 = Sandra | authorlink5 = Sandra Bauer | last6 = Antelmann | first6 = Michaela | authorlink6 = | last7 = Doehner | first7 = Wolfram | last8 = Scherbakov | first8 = Nadja | last9 = Heidecke | first9 = Harald | date = 2018-03-15 | title = Immunoadsorption to remove ß2 adrenergic receptor antibodies in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFS/ME | url = https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193672|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=3| pages = e0193672|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0193672|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC5854315|pmid=29543914|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193672 (Full Text)] ==Clinicians== ==Risks and safety== Immunoadsorption is considered to have fewer adverse effects than the use of therapeutic plasma exchange.<ref name="Pham, 2013">{{Cite book | last1 = Pham | first1 = H.P. | authorlink1 = | last2 = Schwartz | first2 = J. | authorlink2 = | title = Transfusion medicine and hemostasis: clinical and laboratory aspects.| date = 2013 | pmid = | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-397164-7.00079-3|url= | pages = 525–527|chapter=79 - Immunoadsorption|edition=2|isbn=|location=Newnes|editor-last = Shaz|editor-first = B. H.|editor2-last = Hillyer|editor2-first = C.D.}}</ref> Several medical conditions, such as [[multiple sclerosis]]<ref name="Koziolek2018">{{Cite journal | last = Koziolek | first = Michael J. | last2 = Tampe | first2 = Desiree | last3 = Bähr | first3 = Matthias | last4 = Dihazi | first4 = Hassan | last5 = Jung | first5 = Klaus | last6 = Fitzner | first6 = Dirk | last7 = Klingel | first7 = Reinhard | last8 = Müller | first8 = Gerhard A. | last9 = Kitze | first9 = Bernd | date = 2012-04-26 | title = Immunoadsorption therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis with steroid-refractory optical neuritis | url = https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-9-80|journal=Journal of Neuroinflammation|volume=9|issue=1 | pages = 80|doi=10.1186/1742-2094-9-80|issn=1742-2094|pmc=PMC3418188|pmid=22537481}}</ref> and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) may use immunoadsorption as part of their medical regimen.<ref name="Lehmann2013">{{Cite book | last = Lehmann | first = Helmar C. | authorlink = | last2 = Hughes | first2 = Richard A.C. | authorlink2 = | last3 = Hartung | first3 = Hans-Peter | authorlink3 = | date = 2013-01-01|editor-last = Said|editor-first = Gérard|editor2-last = Krarup|editor2-first = Christian | title = Handbook of Clinical Neurology. | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444529022000230|chapter=23 - Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy|work=Peripheral Nerve Disorders|language=en|publisher=Elsevier|volume=115|series=3 | pages = 415–427|doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00023-0|pmc=|pmid=|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Costs and availability== ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoadsorption Wikipedia] *2018, [http://simmaronresearch.com/2018/04/hope-mecfs-autoimmune-subset-german-researcher-steps-forward/ Hope for an ME/CFS Autoimmune Subset: A German Researcher Steps Forward] ([[Carmen Scheibenbogen]]) ==See also== *[[Autoimmune hypothesis]] *[[Autoantibody]] *[[Carmen Scheibenbogen]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Immunomodulators]] [[Category:Immunostimulants]] [[Category:Apheresis]]
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