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Hypothalamus
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== Functions == * Controls the pituitary * Balancing salts and fluids in the body (useful to [[blood pressure]], dehydration, overhydration) ** '''[[Vasopressin]]/antidiuretic hormone (ADH)''' - a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain more water.<ref name="function">{{Cite book | url =https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/17-3-the-pituitary-gland-and-hypothalamus | title = Anatomy and Physiology|vauthors= Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, Johnson E, Poe B, Kruse DH, Korol O, Johnson JE, Womble M, DeSaix P | date = Apr 25, 2013 | website = OpenStax|location=Houston, Texas|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=|chapter=17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus - Anatomy and Physiology}}</ref> * Sex organ processes, labor, and breast milk production ** '''[[Oxytocin]]''' - released by the hypothalamus, has general function on moderating emotion and behaviors such as bonding, sexual arousal and recognition, and also sends hormones to the reproductive organs during childbirth. ** '''Gonadotropin-releasing hormone''' - causes the pituitary to produce '''follicle stimulating hormone''' (FSH; causes ovaries to produce estradiol and start ovulation, and causes the testes to both start the process of creating sperm and send signals back to the pituitary to stop sending FSH), and [[luteinizing hormone]] (LH; causes the ovaries to produce steroids such as progesterone, and causes the testes to produces steroids such as testosterone).<ref name="function" /><ref name="FSH-LH">{{Cite web | url = https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/fsh-lh.html | title = FSH and LH|website=mcb.berkeley.edu|access-date=2018-10-25}}</ref> * [[Energy metabolism|Metabolism]] ** '''[[Thyroid gland|Thyroid]] stimulating hormone''' - released by the hypothalamus acts on the thyroid to regulate breathing, heart rate, [[body temperature]], some feeding and drinking behaviors etc.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid-nodules/thyroid-gland-controls-bodys-metabolism-how-it-works-symptoms-hyperthyroi | title = Thyroid Gland: Overview|work=EndocrineWeb|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en}}</ref> * Circadian rhythm (body clock and sleep/wake cycle) Once the hormones have performed the desired function, the tissues produce chemicals that are sent back to hypothalamus telling it to stop producing the hormones. This loop of signaling ensures that the hypothalamus does not overproduce hormones, maintaining order in the body.<ref name=":0" />
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