Anonymous
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Search
Editing
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
More
More
Page actions
Read
Edit
Edit source
History
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
<embedvideo service="youtube" description="''Hypokalemic periodic paralysis attack (inherited type)'' by Dr Jacob Levitt. This video shows a severe episode of hypokalemic periodic paralysis." dimensions="400" alignment="right" container="frame">https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/watch?v=tbP9VhaREO0&autoplay=0</embedvideo> '''Hypokalemic periodic paralysis''' (hypoKPP) is a rare [[channelopathy]] characterized by repeated, temporary attacks of [[Paresis|muscle weakness]] or [[paralysis]] that are the result of a fall in [[potassium]] levels in the blood.<ref name="June-Bum">{{Cite journal | last = Kim | first = June-Bum | authorlink = | date = Jan 2014 | title = Channelopathies | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935107/|journal=Korean Journal of Pediatrics|volume=57|issue=1|pages=1–18|doi=10.3345/kjp.2014.57.1.1|issn=1738-1061|pmc=3935107|pmid=24578711|quote=|via=}}</ref> Hypokalemic periodic paralysis can be either genetic (familial) or acquired (not life long), and is classed as a form of [[acute flaccid paralysis]],<ref name="Padmaperuma2018">{{Cite journal | last = Padmaperuma | first = Pacd | last2 = Dissanayake | first2 = H.A. | date = 2018-07-18 | title = Periodic paralysis: what clinician needs to know? | url = http://medcraveonline.com/EMIJ/EMIJ-06-00189|journal=Endocrinology & Metabolism International Journal|volume=6|issue=4|pages=1–0|doi=10.15406/emij.2018.6.00189|issn=2473-0815}}</ref><ref name="NBK559178">{{Cite book | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559178/ | title = Hypokalemic periodic paralysis|vauthors=Phuyal P, Nagalli S | date = Nov 25, 2021| publisher = StatPearls Publishing LLC|location=Treasure Island (FL)}}</ref> and has been described in people with severe [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]].<ref name="Crowhurst2013"/> ==Types of periodic paralysis== [[File:Muscle Channelopathies.png|right|400px|alt=Diagram of muscle channelopathies showing hypokalemic periodic paralysis on a spectrum of channelopathy diseases.|thumb|Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a type of muscle channelopathy.<br>Image: K June-Bum, 2014<ref name="June-Bum" /> CC-BY-NC-3.0]] Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is one of several types of [[periodic paralysis]]. Other types include [[hyperkalemic periodic paralysis]], which is linked to high [[potassium]] levels, [[thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]], linked to [[thyroid hormone]] levels.<ref name="June-Bum" /><br style="clear:both"> ==Muscle weakness == Muscle weakness may be mild and limited to certain muscle groups, resulting in [[partial paralysis]] or [[paresis]], or more severe full-body [[paralysis]]. During an attack reflexes may be decreased or absent. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis attacks may last for a few hours, or persist for several days. Recovery is usually sudden, and occurs when the swollen muscles release [[potassium]] as they recover.<ref name="rarediseases"/><ref name="manual"/> ==Prevalence== Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is said to be rare in the general population,<ref name="rarediseases">{{Cite web | url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6729/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis | title = Hypokalemic periodic paralysis|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center|access-date=2022-03-26}}</ref> but has been found in people with [[ME/CFS]], especially in people with [[severe and very severe ME]].<ref name="Crowhurst2013"/> De Becker et al. (2001) conducted a large study of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients, and found that 27.2% of patients meeting the [[Fukuda criteria]] and 33.2% of patients meeting the [[Holmes criteria]] for CFS experienced episodes of [[paralysis]].<ref name="DeBecker2001">{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first = Pascale | authorlink = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = Dec 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=250|issue=3 | pages = 234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== Hypokalemic periodic paralysis was only discovered fairly recently.<ref name="June-Bum" /> It is commonly misdiagnosed as [[conversion disorder]] or "functional" paralysis, and can be missed since potassium levels may be normal between attacks.<ref name="manual"/> The [[International Consensus Criteria]] and the International Consensus Primer refer to channelopathies and [[ion transportation]] problems, but do not mention hypokalemic periodic paralysis directly.<ref name="ICP2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | authorlink7 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | authorlink8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | author-link9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf }}</ref> ==Notable studies== *2003, Paralysis: A qualitative study of the people with Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis<ref name="Crowhurst2013">{{Cite web | url=http://carersfight.blogspot.com/2013/08/paralysis-qualitative-study-of-people.html | title = Paralysis, a qualitative study of people with Severe Myalgic Encephalomyelitis | last = Crowhurst | first = Greg | authorlink=Greg Crowhurst | last2 = Crowhurst | first2 = Linda | authorlink2 = Linda Crowhurst | date = Aug 8, 2013 | website = [[Stonebird]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-12-28}}</ref> - [[http://carersfight.blogspot.com/2013/08/paralysis-qualitative-study-of-people.html (Full text), not peer reviewed] *2001, A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="DeBecker2001">{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first = Pascale | authorlink = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = Dec 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=250|issue=3 | pages = 234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x (Full text)] == Causes of temporary paralysis== In individuals with the inherited genetic mutation, attacks often begin in adolescence. Attacks of paralysis are most commonly occur: * on awakening or after sleep * after rest following strenuous [[exercise]] (attacks during exercise are rare) * after high [[carbohydrate]] meals * after meals with high [[sodium]] content (high salt content) * as a result of sudden changes in [[temperature]], or cold temperatures * [[sensory overload|sensory input]], such as noise, or flashing lights may trigger paralysis * and even excitement.<ref name="manual">{{Cite web | title = Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Owner's Manual | first = Michael M. | last = Segal | first2 = Karin | last2 = Jurkat-Rott | first3 = Jacob | last3 = Levitt | first4 = Frank | last4 = Lehmann | url =https://periodicparalysis.org/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis-owners-manual/|access-date=2022-03-26}}</ref> == Potential treatments == [[Electrolytes]] are one of the suggestions for treating [[Portal:Energy metabolism|energy metabolism]] and [[ion transportation]] problems in [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis|ME]]. [[Potassium]] would seem the obvious [[Electrolytes|electrolyte]], and is used to treat and reduce attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis in people without comorbid ME/CFS.<ref name="rarediseases"/><ref name="manual"/> == See also == * [[Periodic paralysis]] * [[Channelopathy]] * [[Ion Transportation]] * [[Electrolytes|Electrolyte]] * [[Potassium]] * [[Severe and very severe ME]] == Learn more == *[https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6729/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis Hypokalemic periodic paralysis] - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935107/ Channelopathies (review)] - Kim June-Bum. *[https://medcraveonline.com/EMIJ/EMIJ-06-00189.php Periodic Paralysis - What clinicians should know] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Channelopathy]] [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Neurology]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders]] [[Category:Potential comorbidities]]
Summary:
Please make sure your edits are consistent with
MEpedia's guidelines
.
By saving changes, you agree to the
Terms of use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 3.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:Citation
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Module:Check for unknown parameters
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
(
edit
)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
(
edit
)
Module:No globals
(
edit
)
Navigation
Navigation
Skip to content
Main page
Browse
Become an editor
Random page
Popular pages
Abbreviations
Glossary
About MEpedia
Links for editors
Contents
Guidelines
Recent changes
Pages in need
Search
Help
Wiki tools
Wiki tools
Special pages
Page tools
Page tools
User page tools
More
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Page logs