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History of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome
(section)
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==Mass hysteria (1960s-1970s) == In the 1960s and 1970s, chronic fatigue symptoms were often attributed to chronic [[brucellosis]], but typically people were seen as having [[:Category:Mental disorders|psychiatric disorders]], in particular [[depression]].<ref name="ISBN 078902196X" /> Epidemic cases of benign myalgic encephalomyelitis were called [[mass hysteria]] by psychiatrists [[Colin McEvedy|McEvedy]] and [[William Beard|Beard]] in 1970,<ref name="McEvedy1970">{{cite journal | date = 1970 | title = Concept of Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5687|pages=11β5|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5687.11|pmc=1700895|pmid=5411596 | last = McEvedy | first = CP|quote= | author-link = Colin McEvedy | authorlink2 = William Beard | last2 = Beard | first2 = AW}}</ref> provoking criticism in letters to the editor of the [[British Medical Journal]] by outbreak researchers, attending physicians, and physicians who fell ill.<ref name="PMID5370039">{{cite journal | last = Scott | date = Jan 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5689|pages=170β175|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.111.170|pmc=1699088|pmid=5370039 | first = BD|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Compston">{{cite journal | last = Compston | last2 = Dimsdale | last3 = Ramsay | last4 = Richardson | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5692 | pages = 362β363|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5692.362-a|pmc=1699022|pmid=|url= | first = N.D. |quote= | authorlink3 = Melvin Ramsay | first2 = H.E. | first3 = A.M. | first4 = A. T.}}</ref><ref name="Acheson">{{cite journal | last = Acheson | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic Malaise|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5692 | pages = 363β4|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5692.363-b|pmc=1698971|pmid=|url= | first = E.D. |quote= | author-link = Donald Acheson|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID5435167">{{cite journal | last = Gosling | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5694 | pages = 499β500|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5694.499-b|pmc=1699452|pmid=5435167 | first = PH|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID5435168">{{cite journal | last = Burke | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1699458/?page=1|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5694 | pages = 500|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5694.500|pmc=1699458|pmid=5435168 | first = GJ|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID5435169">{{cite journal | last = Hopkins | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5694 | pages = 500β1|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5694.500-a|pmc=1699426|pmid=5435169 | first = EJ|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID5435170">{{cite journal | last = Galpine | date = Feb 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=5694 | pages = 501|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5694.501|pmc=1699416|pmid=5435170 | first = JF|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID5420612">{{cite journal | last = Poskanzer | date = May 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=2|issue=5706 | pages = 420β1|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5706.420-b|pmc=1700311|pmid=5420612 | first = DC|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="PMID4316803">{{cite journal | last = Parish | date = Jul 1970 | title = Epidemic malaise | url = |journal=British Medical Journal|volume=3|issue=5713 | pages = 47β8|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5713.47-c|pmc=1700986|pmid=4316803 | first = JG|quote= | author-link = Gordon Parish|via=}}</ref> The psychiatrists were faulted for not adequately investigating the patients they described,<ref name="Hooper2007">{{Cite journal | last = Hooper | first = M. | authorlink = Malcolm Hooper | date = May 2007 | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: a review with emphasis on key findings in biomedical research | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16935967|journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=60|issue=5 | pages = 466β471|doi=10.1136/jcp.2006.042408|issn=0021-9746|pmc=1994528|pmid=16935967|quote=|via=}}</ref> and their conclusions have been refuted.<ref name="Evengard1999" /><ref name="pmid 3128374">{{cite journal | date = Mar 1988 | title = Postviral fatigue syndrome: time for a new approach | url = |journal=British Medical Journal (Clin Res Ed)|volume=296|issue=6623 | pages = 696β9|doi=10.1136/bmj.296.6623.696|pmc=2545306|pmid=3128374 | last = David | first = AS|quote= | author-link = Anthony David | authorlink2 = Simon Wessely | first2 = S | last2 = Wessely | last3 = Pelosi | first3 = AJ}}</ref><ref name="pmid2294610">{{cite journal|vauthors=Stricklin A, Sewell M, Austad C | date = Jan 1990 | title = Objective measurement of personality variables in epidemic neuromyasthenia patients | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2294610|journal=S. Afr. Med. J.|volume=77|issue=1 | pages = 31β4|pmid=2294610}}</ref> In 1978 a symposium held at the UK's [[Royal Society of Medicine]] concluded that ''epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis'' was a distinct disease entity with a clear organic basis.<ref name="pmid647324">{{cite journal | last = | first = | date = Jun 3, 1978 | title = Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=1|issue=6125|pages=1436β7|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.2791.1436-a|pmc=1604957|pmid=647324 | url = |quote=|via=}}</ref>
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