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Growth differentiation factor 15
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{{stub}} '''Growth Differentiation Factor 15''' or '''GDF15''' is a [[cytokine]] and circulating protein produced in the body in response to different stressors.<ref name="Toxicology2014">{{Cite book | last = Zoltani | first = Csaba K. | authorlink = | date = 2014 |editor-last = Gupta|editor-first = Ramesh C. | title = Biomarkers in Toxicity| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124046306000117|chapter=Cardiovascular toxicity biomarkers|location=Boston| publisher = Academic Press | pages = 199β215|doi=|isbn=978-0-12-404630-6|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Melvin2019" /> Circulating GDF15 levels are known to be highly elevated in [[Mitochondrial disorder|mitochondrial disorders]], which have early skeletal muscle fatigue as a key symptom.<ref name="Melvin2019" /> {{Quote box|Severe ME/CFS is associated with increased levels of GDF15, a circulating biomarker of cellular stress that appears which stable over several months. | title = GDF15 in ME/CFS patients|source=Melvin et al. 2019}} ==ME/CFS== Melvin et al. (2019) investigated where GDF15 could act as a potential [[biomarker]] of cellular stress in [[ME/CFS]] patients, finding that GDF15 levels were positively correlated with fatigue levels in ME/CFS patients.<ref name="Melvin2019" /> The same study, which compared GDF15 levels in 50 patients with severe ME/CFS and 100 patients with mild/moderate ME/CFS, also found higher GDF15 levels in patients with ME/CFS than in patients with [[multiple sclerosis]] or healthy controls, with the more [[Severe and very severe ME|severely ill ME/CFS patients]] having the highest levels.<ref name="Melvin2019">{{Cite journal | last = Melvin | first = Audrey | authorlink = Audrey Melvin | last2 = Lacerda | first2 = Eliana | authorlink2 = Eliana Lacerda | last3 = Dockrell | first3 = Hazel | authorlink3 = Hazel Dockrell | last4 = O'Rahilly | first4 = Stephen | authorlink4 = Stephen O'Rahilly | last5 = Nacul | first5 = Luis | authorlink5 = Luis Nacul | date = 2019-11-27 | title = Circulating levels of GDF15 in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome| url = https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/299333|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|language=en|volume=|issue= | pages = |doi=10.17863/CAM.46401|issn=1479-5876|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=Dec 1, 2019|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Learn more== * ==See also== *[[Diagnostic biomarker]] *[[Cytokine]] *[[Severe and very severe ME]] ==References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cytokines]]
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