Giardia

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Gardia lamblia, also known as gardia, giardia intestinalis or giardia duodenalis, is a microscopic parasite and causes the intestinal infection giardiasis.

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

In 2004, in a region of Bergen, Norway, 1252 people were exposed to gardia lamblia through a contaminated water supply. A significant number of these subsequently developed chronic fatigue syndrome and/or irritable bowel syndrome. The Bergen outbreak of CFS has resulted in a number of long-term studies assessing the immunology of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.[1][2][3][4][5]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

2004 Bergen outbreak

  • 2012, Immunophenotyping in post-giardiasis functional gastrointestinal disease and chronic fatigue syndrome[1] - (Full text)
  • 2013, Chronic fatigue syndrome 5 years after giardiasis: differential diagnoses, characteristics and natural course[2] - (Full text)
  • 2017, Giardia-specific cellular immune responses in post-giardiasis chronic fatigue syndrome[3] - (Full text)
  • 2017, From good health to illness with post-infectious fatigue syndrome: a qualitative study of adults’ experiences of the illness trajectory[4] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue 10 Years After Giardia Infection[5] - (Full text)

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Hanevik, Kurt; Kristoffersen, Einar K.; Sørnes, Steinar; Mørch, Kristine; Næss, Halvor; Rivenes, Ann C.; Bødtker, Jørn E.; Hausken, Trygve; Langeland, Nina (October 14, 2012). "Immunophenotyping in post-giardiasis functional gastrointestinal disease and chronic fatigue syndrome". BMC Infectious Diseases. 12 (1): 258. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-258. ISSN 1471-2334. PMC 3553045. PMID 23061432.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Mørch, Kristine; Hanevik, Kurt; Rivenes, Ann C; Bødtker, Jørn E; Næss, Halvor; Stubhaug, Bjarte; Wensaas, Knut-Arne; Rørtveit, Guri; Eide, Geir E (February 12, 2013). "Chronic fatigue syndrome 5 years after giardiasis: differential diagnoses, characteristics and natural course". BMC Gastroenterology. 13: 28. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-13-28. ISSN 1471-230X. PMC 3598369. PMID 23399438.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Hanevik, Kurt; Kristoffersen, Einar; Mørch, Kristine; Rye, Kristin Paulsen; Sørnes, Steinar; Svärd, Staffan; Bruserud, Øystein; Langeland, Nina (January 28, 2017). "Giardia-specific cellular immune responses in post-giardiasis chronic fatigue syndrome". BMC Immunology. 18 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0190-3. ISSN 1471-2172. PMC 5279576. PMID 28129747.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Stormorken, E.; Jason, L. A.; Kirkevold, M. (2017). "From good health to illness with post-infectious fatigue syndrome: a qualitative study of adults' experiences of the illness trajectory". BMC Family Practice. 18 (49). doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0614-4.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Litleskare, Sverre; Rørtveit, Guri; Eide, Geir Egil; Hanevik, Kurt; Langeland, Nina; Wensaas, Knut-Arne (July 1, 2018). "Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue 10 Years After Giardia Infection". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 16 (7): 1064–1072.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.022. ISSN 1542-3565.