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Gabapentin
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'''Gabapentin''' is an anticonvulsant drug primarily developed to treat epilepsy, but now more commonly used for [[chronic pain]].<ref name="drugscom" /> It is being used off-label for [[ME/CFS]] and [[fibromyalgia]] patients mostly to augment pain relief.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/expert-answers/fibromyalgia-treatment/faq-20058273 | title = Fibromyalgia treatment: Is Neurontin effective?|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/gabapentin-shown-effective-fibromyalgia-pain | title = Gabapentin Shown Effective for Fibromyalgia Pain | date = 2015-09-29 | website = National Institutes of Health (NIH)|language=EN|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Common brand names for gabapentin are '''Neurontin''', '''Horizant,''' which is used for [[restless legs syndrome]], and '''Gralise'''.<ref name="drugscom">{{Cite web | url = https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/gabapentin.html | title = Gabapentin - brand name list from Drugs.com|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Gabapentin is very similar to [[Lyrica]] (pregabalin).<ref name="lyrica-vs-gabapentin">{{Cite web | url = https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/difference-between-lyrica-gabapentin-3508860/ | title = Lyrica vs Gabapentin: What's the difference?|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> ==Theory == ==Evidence== Gabapentin is one of the drugs suggested for use in people with [[ME/CFS]] to treat related pain; it is suggested in both the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] for ME/CFS and the [[International Consensus Criteria]] for ME.<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last =Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | authorlink2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 =Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | authorlink4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | authorlink5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | authorlink6 = Martin Lerner | last7 = Bested | first7 = Alison C. | author-link8 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | author-link8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 = Joshi | first9 = Pradip | author-link9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | authorlink10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | authorlink11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | authorlink12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf }}</ref><ref name="ICC2011primer">{{citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = BM | authorlink1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = van de Sande | first2 = MI | authorlink2 = Marjorie van de Sande | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = KL | authorlink3 = Kenny de Meirleir | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 = Broderick | first5 = G | authorlink5 = Gordon Broderick | last6 = Mitchell | first6 = T | authorlink6 = Terry Mitchell | last7 = Staines | first7 = D | author-link8 = Donald Staines | last8 = Powles | first8 = ACP | author-link8 = A C Peter Powles | last9 = Speight | first9 = N | author-link9 = Nigel Speight | last10 = Vallings | first10 = R | authorlink10 = Rosamund Vallings | last11 = Bateman | first11 = L | authorlink11 = Lucinda Bateman | last12 = Bell | first12 = DS | authorlink12 = David Bell | last13 = Carlo-Stella | first13 = N | authorlink13 = Nicoletta Carlo-Stella | last14 = Chia | first14 = J | authorlink14 = John Chia | last15 = Darragh | first15 = A | authorlink15 = Austin Darragh | last16 = Gerken | first16 = A | authorlink16 = Anne Gerken | last17 = Jo | first17 = D | authorlink17 = Daehyun Jo | last18 = Lewis | first18 = DP | authorlink18 = Donald Lewis | last19 = Light | first19 = AR | authorlink19 = Alan Light | last20 = Light | first20 = KC | authorlink20 = Kathleen Light | last21 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first21 = S | authorlink21 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last22 = McLaren-Howard | first22 = J | authorlink22 = John McLaren-Howard | last23 = Mena | first23 = I | authorlink23 = Ismael Mena | last24 = Miwa | first24 = K | authorlink24 = Kunihisa Miwa | last25 = Murovska | first25 = M | authorlink25= Modra Murovska | last26 = Stevens | first26 = SR | authorlink26 = Staci Stevens | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners | date = 2012| isbn = 978-0-9739335-3-6 | url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf }}</ref> ==Side Effects== Many side effects have been reported.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/gabapentin-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20064011 | title = Gabapentin (Oral Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref name="drugscom" /> More commonly ones reported are: *clumsiness *unsteadiness, and continuous, uncontrolled, back-and-forth, or rolling eye movements *[[weight gain]]<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC" /> More commonly one reported in children are: *aggressive behavior or other behavior problems *anxiety *concentration problems and change in school performance *crying *depression *false sense of well-being *hyperactivity or increase in body movements *rapidly changing moods *reacting too quickly, too emotional, or overreacting *restlessness *suspiciousness or distrust Less commonly ones reported are: *black, tarry stools *chest pain *chills *cough *depression, irritability, or other mood or mental changes *fever *loss of memory *pain or swelling in the arms or legs *painful or difficult urination *shortness of breath *sore throat *sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth *swollen glands *unusual bleeding or [[bruising]] *unusual tiredness or weakness ==Learn more== *[https://www.drugs.com/gabapentin.html Gabapentin] - drugs.com *[https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/difference-between-lyrica-gabapentin-3508860/ What's the difference between Lyrica and Gabapentin?] - drugs.com *Nov 9, 2016, [http://www.medicaldaily.com/gabapentin-side-effects-dangers-label-prescriptions-surprising-side-effects-403998 Gabapentin Side Effects: The Dangers Of Off-Label Prescriptions’ Surprising Side Effects], by Samantha Olson *2016, [https://livingwithchronicfatiguesyndrome.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/gabapentin-neurontin-for-me/ Gabapentin (Neurontin) for ME] *June 07, 2004, [http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jun/07/health/he-offlabel7 When drugs are used off-label], by Daniel Costello == See also == *[[Fibromyalgia]] *[[Pregabalin]] (Lyrica) *[[Baclofen]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Analgesics]] [[Category:Anticonvulsants]]
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