Endometriosis: Difference between revisions

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'''Endometriosis''' is a condition in which the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the [[uterus]] (the [[endometrium]]) grows outside of it. one third of women with endometriosis have no symptoms.
'''Endometriosis''' is an gynacological disease in which the cells and layer of tissue that resembling endometrium (the lining of the uterus) grow outside of it, for example in the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This causes chronic inflammation that can result in scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis), especially in the pelvis. Endometriosis is a potential co-morbidity of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref name="WHO-facts">{{Cite web | url = https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis | title = Endometriosis | last =World Health Organization | first = | authorlink = World Health Organization | last2= | first2 = | authorlink2= | date = |website=World Health Organization|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2023-01-19}}</ref><ref name="NHS">{{Cite web | url = https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endometriosis/ | title = Endometriosis | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = 2017-10-20|website=National Health Service|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2023-01-19}}</ref>


[[Category: Diagnoses]]
Endometriosis can affect teenagers as well as older adults, and is a long term condition. It is estimated to affect around 10% of women (people assigned female at birth), particularly during their reproductive years.<ref name="NHS" />


== Symptoms ==
===Lesions===
Symptoms may include<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/271899-overview?pa=jMRaWR4PAEnCN4KmIE2ERdgxGc7U%2BJXHgafXryaB0qWOHn2h4Vo%2BTCVWAoDQP20qLFCGYpc1SijZgso3xZYs3odHiuSJDifRp%2BEZ0GL%2FEKg%3D|title=Endometriosis|last=Davila|first=G. Willy|date=Dec 05, 2017|website=Medscape|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>:
Lesions in endometriosis may occur on the ovaries, recto-vaginal septum, bladder, and bowel. In rare cases, endometriosis has also been found outside the pelvis.<ref name="WHO-facts" />


* Dysmenorrhea
== Signs and symptoms ==
Endometriosis symptoms may include:
* [[Dysmenorrhea]]
* Heavy or irregular bleeding
* Heavy or irregular bleeding
* Pelvic pain
* [[Pelvic pain]]
* Lower abdominal or back pain<sup> </sup>
* Lower [[abdominal pain]] or [[lower back pain|back pain]]
* Dyspareunia
* Dyspareunia
* Dyschezia (pain on defecation) - Often with cycles of diarrhea and constipation
* Dyschezia (pain on defecation) - Often with cycles of [[diarrhea]] and [[constipation]]
* Bloating, nausea, and vomiting
* [[Bloating]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]
* Inguinal pain
* Inguinal pain
* Pain on micturition and/or urinary frequency
* Pain during urinartion and/or [[urinary frequency]]
* Pain during [[exercise]]
* Pain during [[exercise]]
* Pain during sex
* Fertility problems
* [[Depression]] or [[anxiety]]<ref name="WHO-facts" /><ref name="NHS" /><ref name="Medscape">{{Cite web | url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/271899-overview?pa=jMRaWR4PAEnCN4KmIE2ERdgxGc7U%2BJXHgafXryaB0qWOHn2h4Vo%2BTCVWAoDQP20qLFCGYpc1SijZgso3xZYs3odHiuSJDifRp%2BEZ0GL%2FEKg%3D | title = Endometriosis | last = Davila | first = G. Willy | date = Dec 5, 2017 | website = Medscape |access-date=}}</ref>


== Diagnosis ==
One third of women with endometriosis have no symptoms.<ref name="WHO-facts" /><ref name="NHS" /><ref name="Medscape">{{Cite web | url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/271899-overview?pa=jMRaWR4PAEnCN4KmIE2ERdgxGc7U%2BJXHgafXryaB0qWOHn2h4Vo%2BTCVWAoDQP20qLFCGYpc1SijZgso3xZYs3odHiuSJDifRp%2BEZ0GL%2FEKg%3D | title = Endometriosis | last = Davila | first = G. Willy | date = Dec 5, 2017 | website = Medscape |access-date=}}</ref>


== Treatment & Management ==
== Co-morbidities ==


== Co-morbdities ==
=== ME/CFS ===
Patients with [[ME/CFS]] may have higher rates of [[gynecologic disorders]] including endometriosis, [[ovarian cyst]]s, [[PCIS|polycystic ovaries]], [[uterine fibroids]], [[menstrual]] abnormalities and [[galactorrhea]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Harlow | first = BL | date = 28 September 1998 | title = Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790489|journal=American Journal of Medicine |volume= | pages = |via=}}</ref>


=== ME/CFS ===
A 2018 study by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] stated that more than a third of women with CFS (36.1%) reported endometriosis as a comorbid condition. Women with both CFS and endometriosis report more chronic pelvic pain, earlier menopause, hysterectomy, and more CFS-related symptoms compared to women with CFS-only.<ref name="Boneva2018">{{Cite journal | last = Boneva | first = Roumiana S. | authorlink = | last2 = Lin | first2 = Jin-Mann S. | authorlink2 = Jin-Mann Sally Lin | last3 = Wieser | first3 = Friedrich | authorlink3 = | last4 = Nater | first4 = Urs M. | author-link4 = | last5 = Ditzen | first5 = Beate | authorlink5 = | last6 = Taylor | first6 = Robert N. | author-link6 = | last7 = Unger | first7 = Elizabeth R. | author-link7 = Elizabeth Unger | date = Apr 2018 | title = Endometriosis as a Comorbid Condition in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): Secondary Analysis of Data from a CFS Case-Control study| url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2019.00195/abstract|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|volume=|issue= | pages = |doi=10.3389/fped.2019.00195|quote=|via=}}</ref> Sinali et al (2002) also found high rates of chronic fatigue syndrome in endometriosis patients.<ref name="Stein2002" />
Patients with [[ME/CFS]] may have higher rates of [[gynecologic disorders]] including '''endometriosis''', [[ovarian cysts]], [[polycystic ovaries]], [[uterine fibroids]], [[menstrual]] abnormalities and [[galactorrhea]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harlow|first=BL|date=September 28, 1998|title=Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790489|journal=American Journal of Medicine|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
 
=== Fibromyalgia ===
Sinali et al (2002) found people with endometriosis had high rates of fibromyalgia.<ref name="Stein2002" />
 
== Other comorbidities ==
Sinali et al (2002) also found people with endometriosis often had autoimmune diseases, endocrine (hormone) diseases, and atopic or allergy-related conditions.<ref name="Stein2002" />
 
==Treatments==
Treatments include:
* Contraceptive steroids
* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s
* Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which reduce estrogen llevels
* Infertility treatments
* Surgery may sometimes be used to remove endometriosis lesions, adhesions, and scar tissue<ref name="GnRH">{{Cite web | url = https://endometriosis.org/treatments/gnrh/ | title = GnRH | last = | first = | authorlink = | last2= | first2 = | authorlink2= | date = |website=Endometriosis.org|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref>
 
== Research studies ==
* 2019, Endometriosis as a Comorbid Condition in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS):  Secondary Analysis of Data from a CFS Case-Control study<ref name="Boneva2018" />
*2002, High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: A survey analysis<ref name="Stein2002">{{Cite journal | title = High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis| date = Oct 2002 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12351553/|journal=Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)|volume=17|issue=10|pages=2715–2724 | last =Sinaii | first =N. | author-link = | last2=Cleary | first2 = S. D. | author-link2 = | last3=Ballweg | first3 = M. L. | author-link3 = | last4 = Nieman | first4 = L. K. | author-link4 = | last5 = Stratton | first5 = P. | author-link5 = | last9 = | first9 = |doi=10.1093/humrep/17.10.2715|pmc=|pmid=12351553|access-date=|issn=0268-1161|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351553 (Abstract)]
 
==News and articles ==
* [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2354004-genetic-map-of-cells-linked-to-endometriosis-could-improve-treatments/ Genetic map of cells linked to endometriosis could improve treatments] - New Scientist
 
==See also ==
* [[Menstrual problems in ME/CFS]]
* [[Chronic pain]]
 
==Learn more ==
* [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis Endometriosis factsheet] - World Health Organization
*[https://endometriosis.org/treatments/gnrh/ Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists] - Endometriosis.org
* [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endometriosis/ Endometriosis] - NHS


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Diagnoses]]
[[Category:Potential comorbidities]]
[[Category:Genitourinary diseases and disorders]]

Latest revision as of 14:31, April 3, 2023

Endometriosis is an gynacological disease in which the cells and layer of tissue that resembling endometrium (the lining of the uterus) grow outside of it, for example in the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This causes chronic inflammation that can result in scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis), especially in the pelvis. Endometriosis is a potential co-morbidity of chronic fatigue syndrome.[1][2]

Endometriosis can affect teenagers as well as older adults, and is a long term condition. It is estimated to affect around 10% of women (people assigned female at birth), particularly during their reproductive years.[2]

Lesions[edit | edit source]

Lesions in endometriosis may occur on the ovaries, recto-vaginal septum, bladder, and bowel. In rare cases, endometriosis has also been found outside the pelvis.[1]

Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

Endometriosis symptoms may include:

One third of women with endometriosis have no symptoms.[1][2][3]

Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Patients with ME/CFS may have higher rates of gynecologic disorders including endometriosis, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovaries, uterine fibroids, menstrual abnormalities and galactorrhea.[4]

A 2018 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stated that more than a third of women with CFS (36.1%) reported endometriosis as a comorbid condition. Women with both CFS and endometriosis report more chronic pelvic pain, earlier menopause, hysterectomy, and more CFS-related symptoms compared to women with CFS-only.[5] Sinali et al (2002) also found high rates of chronic fatigue syndrome in endometriosis patients.[6]

Fibromyalgia[edit | edit source]

Sinali et al (2002) found people with endometriosis had high rates of fibromyalgia.[6]

Other comorbidities[edit | edit source]

Sinali et al (2002) also found people with endometriosis often had autoimmune diseases, endocrine (hormone) diseases, and atopic or allergy-related conditions.[6]

Treatments[edit | edit source]

Treatments include:

  • Contraceptive steroids
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which reduce estrogen llevels
  • Infertility treatments
  • Surgery may sometimes be used to remove endometriosis lesions, adhesions, and scar tissue[7]

Research studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2019, Endometriosis as a Comorbid Condition in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): Secondary Analysis of Data from a CFS Case-Control study[5]
  • 2002, High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: A survey analysis[6] - (Abstract)

News and articles[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 World Health Organization. "Endometriosis". World Health Organization. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Endometriosis". National Health Service. October 20, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Davila, G. Willy (December 5, 2017). "Endometriosis". Medscape.
  4. ↑ Harlow, BL (September 28, 1998). "Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome". American Journal of Medicine.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Boneva, Roumiana S.; Lin, Jin-Mann S.; Wieser, Friedrich; Nater, Urs M.; Ditzen, Beate; Taylor, Robert N.; Unger, Elizabeth R. (April 2018). "Endometriosis as a Comorbid Condition in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): Secondary Analysis of Data from a CFS Case-Control study". Frontiers in Pediatrics. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00195.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Sinaii, N.; Cleary, S. D.; Ballweg, M. L.; Nieman, L. K.; Stratton, P. (October 2002). "High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis". Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 17 (10): 2715–2724. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2715. ISSN 0268-1161. PMID 12351553.
  7. ↑ "GnRH". Endometriosis.org. Retrieved January 20, 2023.

agonist A chemical that binds to the receptor and stimulates it's function, e.g., morphine is an opioid agonist that binds to the opioid receptor, reducing pain. The opposite of an antagonist.

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