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Dikoma Shungu
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[[File:Dikoma_shungu.png|right]] Dr '''Dikoma C. Shunga''' is a Professor of Physics in Radiology and member of the [[Center for Enervating NeuroImmune Disease]] at Cornell University in New York, the United States. His research focuses on developing advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MRI) methods to apply in clinical and biomedical research. He has used MRS to measure brain lactic acid, the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and metabolites in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>[http://vivo.med.cornell.edu/display/cwid-dcs7001 Weill Cornell Medical College; Dikoma Shungu]</ref>. His work has been funded by the [[NIH]] and the [[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]]. ==ME/CFS research== ===Raised lactic acid and lowered glutathone levels in the brain=== In a series of three studies, Prof Shungu found high levels of [[lactic acid]] in ventricular [[cerebrospinal fluid]] and significant correlation between lactic acid levels and the severity of mental fatigue in ME/CFS patients. He later went on to discover levels of the antioxidant [[glutathione]] (GSH) reduced by 36% in brain tissue<ref name="Shungu2012" /> and suggested [[oxidative stress]] was playing a role in ME/CFS. ===Supplementation with N-Acetylcysteine=== At the 2016 IACFS/ME confernce Dr Shungu presented evidence that supplementing patients with [[N-acetylcysteine]] (NAC) raised levels of glutathione in the brains of patients and their symptoms were improved.<ref>{{Cite web | url= http://iacfsme.org/ME-CFS-Primer-Education/News/IACFSME-2016-Program.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.healthrising.org/forums/threads/nac-for-neuroinflammation-in-me-cfs-and-fibromyalgia.5046/post-26022|archive-date=2016-11-21 | title = N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates Cortical Glutathione Deficit and Improves Symptoms in CFS: An In Vivo Validation Study using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | first = N. | last = Weiduschat | first2 = X. | last2 = Mao | first3 =D. | last3 = Vub | first4 = M. | last4 = Blate | first5 = G. | last5 = Kang | first6 = H.S. | last6 = Mangat | first7 = A. | last7 = Artis | first8 = S. | last8 = Banerjee | first9 = G. | last9 = Lange | first10 = C. | last10 = Henchcliff | first11 = B.H. | last11 = Natelson | first12 =D.C. | last12 = Shungu|work=IACFS/ME Syllabus | date = 2016 | page=35}}</ref> In late 2020, Dikoma Shungu registered a randomized clinical trial to determine the effects of [[N-acetylcysteine|NAC]] supplementation on ME/CFS patients with low glutathione levels, especially investigating any change in glutathione levels and oxidative stress.<ref name="NCT04542161">{{Cite web | url = https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04542161 | title = Assessment of N-Acetylcysteine as Therapy for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrom | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = clinicaltrials.gov|language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2020-09-11}}</ref> ==Notable studies == *2022, Plasma metabolomics reveals disrupted response and recovery following maximal exercise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref name="ArnaudPlasma2022">{{Cite journal | title = Plasma metabolomics reveals disrupted response and recovery following maximal exercise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | date = 2022-03-31 | url = https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/157621|journal=JCI Insight|volume=|issue=| pages = | last = Germain | first = Arnaud | authorlink = Arnaud Germain | last2 = Giloteaux | first2 = Ludovic | authorlink2 = Ludovic Giloteaux | last3 = Moore | first3 = Geoffrey E. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Levine | first4 = Susan M. | authorlink4 = Susan Levine | last5 = Chia | first5 = John K. | author-link5 = John Chia | last6 = Keller | first6 = Betsy A. | author-link6 = Betsy Keller | last7 = Stevens | first7 = Jared | last8 = Franconi | first8 = Carl J. | last9 = Mao | first9 = Xiangling | last10 = Shungu | first10 = Dikoma C. | author-link10 = Dikoma Shungu | last11 = Grimson | first11 = Andrew|language=en|doi=10.1172/jci.insight.157621|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=0021-9738|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/157621/pdf (Full text)] *2008, Assessment of GABA and Glutamate/Glutamine at 3.0 T in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Volunteers - [https://cds.ismrm.org/protected/09MProceedings/files/03457.pdf (Full text)] *2008, Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid lactate is increased in CFS compared with generalized anxiety disorder: an in vivo 3.0 T <sup>1</sup>H MRS imaging study<ref name="Mathew2008">{{Cite journal | last = Mathew | first = Sanjay J. | authorlink = | last2 = Mao | first2 = Xiangling | authorlink2 = | last3 = Keegan | first3 = Kathryn A. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Levine | first4 = Susan M. | authorlink4 = Susan Levine | last5 = Smith | first5 = Eric L. P. | author-link5 = | last6 = Heier | first6 = Linda A. | author-link6 = | last7 = Otcheretko | first7 = Viktor | last8 = Coplan | first8 = Jeremy D. | last9 = Shungu | first9 = Dikoma C. | date = 2009 | title = Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid lactate is increased in chronic fatigue syndrome compared with generalized anxiety disorder: an in vivo 3.0 T 1H MRS imaging study | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nbm.1315|journal=NMR in Biomedicine|language=en|volume=22|issue=3 | pages = 251β258|doi=10.1002/nbm.1315|issn=1099-1492|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dikoma_Shungu/publication/23403524_Ventricular_cerebrospinal_fluid_lactate_is_increased_in_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_compared_with_generalized_anxiety_disorder_An_in_vivo_30_T_1H_MRS_imaging_study/links/5ce01a0c458515712eb41f0d/Ventricular-cerebrospinal-fluid-lactate-is-increased-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-compared-with-generalized-anxiety-disorder-An-in-vivo-30-T-1H-MRS-imaging-study.pdf (Full text)] *2010, Increased ventricular lactate in CFS measured by <sup>1</sup>H MRS imaging at 3.0 T. II: comparison with major depressive disorder<ref name="Murrough2010">{{Cite journal | last = Murrough | first = James W. | authorlink = | last2 = Mao | first2 = Xiangling | authorlink2 = | last3 = Collins | first3 = Katherine A. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Kelly | first4 = Chris | authorlink4 = | last5 = Andrade | first5 = Gizely | author-link5 = | last6 = Nestadt | first6 = Paul | author-link6 = | last7 = Levine | first7 = Susan M. | author-link8 = Susan Levine | last8 = Mathew | first8 = Sanjay J. | author-link8 = Sanjay Mathew | last9 = Shungu | first9 = Dikoma C. | date = 2010 | title=Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome measured by 1H MRS imaging at 3.0 T. II: comparison with major depressive disorder |url =https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nbm.1512|journal=NMR in Biomedicine|language=en|volume=23|issue=6 | pages = 643β650|doi=10.1002/nbm.1512|issn=1099-1492|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dikoma_Shungu/publication/45367480_Increased_ventricular_lactate_in_chronic_fatigue_syndrome_measured_by_1H_MRS_imaging_at_30_T_II_Comparison_with_major_depressive_disorder/links/5d3d92ac92851cd0468cb655/Increased-ventricular-lactate-in-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-measured-by-1H-MRS-imaging-at-30-T-II-Comparison-with-major-depressive-disorder.pdf (Full text)] *2012, Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology<ref name="Shungu2012">{{Cite journal | last = Shungu | first = Dikoma C. | authorlink = | last2 = Weiduschat | first2 = Nora | authorlink2 = | last3 = Murrough | first3 = James W. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Mao | first4 = Xiangling | authorlink4 = | last5 = Pillemer | first5 = Sarah | author-link5 = | last6 = Dyke | first6 = Jonathan P. | author-link6 = | last7 = Medow | first7 = Marvin S. | author-link7 = | last8 = Natelson | first8 = Benjamin H. | author-link8 = Benjamin Natelson | last9 = Stewart | first9 = Julian M. | author-link9 = Julian Stewart | date = Sep 2012 | title = Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3896084/|journal=NMR in biomedicine|volume=25|issue=9 | pages = 1073β1087|doi=10.1002/nbm.2772|issn=0952-3480|pmc=3896084|pmid=22281935|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nbm.2772 (Full text)] *2017, Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[fibromyalgia]]<ref name="Natelson,Vu 2017">{{Citation | last1 = Natelson | first1 = Benjamin | author-link1 = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Vu | first2 = Diana| authorlink2 = | last3 = Coplan | first3 = JeremyD. | authorlink3 = | last4 = Mao | first4 = Xiangling | authorlink4 = | last5 = Blate | first5 = Michelle | author-link5 = | last6 = Kang | first6 = Guoxin | author-link6 = | last7 = Soto | first7 = Eli | author-link7 = | last8 = Tolga Kapusuz | first8 = Tolga | author-link8 = | last9 = Shungu | first9 = Dikoma | title = Elevations of ventricular lactate levels occur in both chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia | journal =Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | page = 15-20 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29308330 | pmc = 5754037 | doi = 10.1080/21641846.2017.1280114 }}</ref> - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754037/ (Full text)] *2017, Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of [[brain]] and spinal fluid abnormalities in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity<ref name="Natelson, 2017">{{Citation | last1 = Natelson | first1 = Benjamin | author-link1 = Benjamin Natelson | last2 = Mao | first2 = Xiangling | authorlink2 = | last3 = Stegner | first3 = Aaron J | authorlink3 = | last4 = Lange | first4 = Gudrun | authorlink4 = Gudrun Lange | last5 = Vu | first5 = Diana | author-link5 = | last6 = Blate | first6 = Michelle | author-link6 = | last7 = Kang | first7 = Guoxin | author-link7 = | last8 = Soto | first8 = Eli | author-link8 = | last9 = Kapusuz | first9 = Tolga | author-link9 = | last10 = Shungu | first10 = Dikoma C | author-link10 = | title = Multimodal and simultaneous assessments of brain and spinal fluid abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome and the effects of psychiatric comorbidity | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 375 | issue = | page = 411-416 | date = 2017 | pmid = | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.046 }}</ref> - [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/237f/2e4cd4618a59ba76943c8441c01de7866f7c.pdf (Full Text)] ==Online presence== *[http://vivo.med.cornell.edu/display/cwid-dcs7001 Weill Cornell Medical College: Dikoma Shungu] *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shungu%20DC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24749063 PubMed: Dikoma Shungu] ==Learn more== *[http://www.healthrising.org/blog/2013/03/10/your-brain-on-view-big-nih-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-grant/ Health Rising: Brain on Fire (October 2013)] *[http://solvecfs.org/new-2-million-cfs-grant-awarded-to-dr-dikoma-shungu-team/ Solve ME/CFS Initiative: New $2 million CFS grant awarded to Dr Dikoma Shungu team] ==See also== *[[Center for Enervating NeuroImmune Disease]] *[[N-acetylcysteine]] *[[Solve ME/CFS Initiative]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Researchers]] [[Category:US researchers]] <references />
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