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Craniocervical instability
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== Dysautonomia and CCI in EDS == As CCI can lead to a compression of the brainstem, a number of experts believe it contributes to autonomic symptoms such as orthostatic tachycardia, dizziness and pre-/syncope that are frequently seen in patients with Ehlers Danlos Syndromes (EDS). In a 2007 influential paper Milhorat et al. followed-up on patients with Chiari malformation who did not improve with treatment and surgery. The authors discovered that many of these patients suffered from EDS and had other structural abnormalities at the upper spine such as CCI and cranial settling. Milhorat et al. speculated that the resulting compression of the brainstem might be the cause of the autonomic and other symptoms these patients were suffering from.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Milhorat | first = Thomas H. | last2 = Bolognese | first2 = Paolo A. | last3 = Nishikawa | first3 = Misao | last4 = McDonnell | first4 = Nazli B. | last5 = Francomano | first5 = Clair A. | date = Dec 2007 | title = Syndrome of occipitoatlantoaxial hypermobility, cranial settling, and chiari malformation type I in patients with hereditary disorders of connective tissue | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18074684|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine|volume=7|issue=6 | pages = 601β609|doi=10.3171/SPI-07/12/601|issn=1547-5654|pmid=18074684}}</ref> Neurosurgeons and other EDS specialists have expounded on the connection between CCI and forms of dysautonomia such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in a number of conference presentations. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=735&v=857Jsjsqxjw Craniocervical Instability (Dr Henderson the 2012 EDNF Confrence).] Minute 12.10. </ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntD9NRIvEJ0 Dr Milhorat from The Chiari Institute at the 2005 ASAP.]</ref><ref name=":13" />
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