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Constipation
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'''Constipation''' is a common gastrointestinal occurrence that is defined by often having fewer than three bowel movements a week, having a difficult time passing stools, having stools that are lumpy or hard, or having a feeling of being blocked or of not having fully emptied your bowels.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Concerned About Constipation? | url = https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/concerned-about-constipation | website = National Institute on Aging|access-date=2019-07-10|language=en}}</ref> ==Presentation== ==Prevalence== *Katrina Berne reports a prevalence of 50-90% for IBS symptoms (including diarrhea, nausea, gas, and abdominal pain).<ref>{{Cite book | last = Berne | first = Katrina | authorlink = Katrina Berne | date = Dec 1, 1995 | title = Running on Empty: The Complete Guide to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFIDS)|edition= 2nd |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/Running-Empty-Complete-Chronic-Syndrome/dp/0897931912/ | publisher = Hunter House | page = 58 |isbn= 978-0897931915}}</ref> *81.8% - 85.6% of the 2073 patients in a Belgian study of 2001 reported gastrointestinal disturbance.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first = Pascale | authorlink = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = December 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url =https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=250 | issue = 3 | pages = 234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== [[:Category:Digestive signs and symptoms|Gastrointestinal issues]] ([[diarrhoea]], constipation, [[acid reflux]]) as a group are a potential symptom of [[Long COVID]] in the [[World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria|World Health Organization]]'s definition.<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria">{{citation | title = A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus | date =Oct 6, 2021 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | others = World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition | first1 = Joan B. | last1 = Soriano | first2 = Maya | last2 = Allan | first3 = Carine | last3 = Alsokhn | first4 = Nisreen A. | last4 = Alwan | author-link4 = Nisreen Alwan | first5 = Lisa | last5 = Askie | first6 = Hannah E. | last6 = Davis | author-link6 = Hannah Davis | first7 = Janet V. | last7 = Diaz | first8 = Tarun | last8 = Dua | first9 = Wouter | last9 = de Groote | first10 = Robert | last10 = Jakob | first11 = Marta | last11 = Lado | first12 = John | last12 = Marshall | first13 = Srin | last13 = Murthy | first14 = Jacobus | last14 = Preller | first15 = Pryanka | last15 = Relan | first16 = Nicoline | last16 = Schiess | first17 = Archana | last17 = Seahwag | ref = WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1 | url = https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1}}</ref> ==Notable studies== ==Possible causes== *[[Allergies]] *Dehydration *[[Dysautonomia]] *[[Hypothyroidism]] *[[Hypovolemia]] *Imbalance of [[gut flora]] (often due to antibiotics) *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] *Low fiber diet *Metabolic changes *[[Mold]] *Parasitic infections *[[SIBO]] *Side effect of [[methylation]] *Side effect of medication ==Potential treatments== *Adequate hydration *High fiber diet/fiber supplementation *[[Probiotics]] ==See also== *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] *[[Small intestine bacterial overgrowth]] ==Learn more== ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Digestive signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]]
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