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Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)
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== Myalgic encephalomyelitis == [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) was the original name for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS); the names are often used interchangeably or with the acronym [[ME/CFS]].<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | author-link1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | author-link2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | author-link4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | author-link5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | author-link6 = Martin Lerner | last7 =Bested | first7 = Alison C. | author-link8 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | author-link8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 =Joshi | first9 = Pradip | author-link9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | author-link10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | author-link11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | author-link12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref> The name Myalgic Encephalomyelitis was coined by the ''Lancet'' journal following the [[1955 Royal Free Hospital outbreak]], <ref name="MyalgicEncephalomyelitis-first-coines">{{Cite journal | journal = Lancet | volume = 1 | issue = | pages = 789β790 | date = 1956 | title = A new clinical entity? | url = https://mecfsj.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/lancet_e383a9e383b3e382bbe38383e383881956_me.pdf}}</ref> although it is often wrongly attributed to [[Melvin Ramsay]].<ref name="Speight2013">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2013;volume=1;issue=1;spage=11;epage=13;aulast=Speight | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Review of history, clinical features, and controversies | last = Speight | first = Nigel | author-link = Nigel Speight | date = 2013 | pages = 11-13 | doi=10.4103/1658-631x.112905| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date= | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | journal = Saudi J Med Med Sci}}</ref><ref name="Smith1989">{{Cite book | title = Understanding M.E.: The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome | page = 20 | last = Smith | first = David G | date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = | first = | date = 1957-10-19 | title = An Outbreak of Encephalomyelitis in the Royal Free Hospital Group, London, in 1955 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1962472/ | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 5050 | pages = 895β904|issn=0007-1447|pmid=13472002|via=}}</ref> and is a portmanteau of several of the key signs and symptoms of the disease: myalgic (muscle pain), encephalo (brain), myel (spinal cord), itis (inflammation).<ref name="Terminology">{{Cite web | url = https://www.investinme.org/Article%20010-Encephalopathy%20Hooper.shtml | title = The Terminology of ME & CFS| first = Malcolm | last = Hooper | author-link = Malcolm Hooper}}</ref> The [[central nervous system]] (brain and spinal cord) are inflamed.<ref name="Terminology"/> *''Myalgic adj. - of or relating to [[myalgia]].'' (muscle pain).<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myalgic | title = myalgic|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''Encephalo'': Refers to the [[brain]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/encephaloq- | title = encephalo-|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''-Myel'': Relating to the [[spinal cord]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myel- | title = myel-|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''-Itis'': [[Inflammation]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/-itis | title = Itis|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12 | last = | first = | date = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Terminology"/> === Criteria defining ME, CFS, and ME/CFS === {{Main article | page_name = Definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome}} Patients that meet the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC) defining ME are usually more severely impaired than patients that meet the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC) defining ME/CFS, or the minimum [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|core symptoms]] needed to diagnose patients with [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID); also an ME/CFS criterion. Researchers believe all patients meeting these criterion, including [[Fukuda criteria]] (with [[post-exertional malaise]] "option") defining CFS, are experiencing brain inflammation.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Morris | first = Gerwyn | author-link = Gerwyn Morris | last2 = Maes | first2 = Michael | author-link2 = Michael Maes | date = Dec 2013 | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics |url =http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-11-205 | journal = BMC Medicine|language=en | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 205|doi=10.1186/1741-7015-11-205|issn=1741-7015|pmc = 3847236|pmid=24229326|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nakatomi | first = Y. | last2 = Mizuno | first2 = K. | last3 = Ishii | first3 = A. | last4 = Wada | first4 = Y. | last5 = Tanaka | first5 = M. | last6 = Tazawa | first6 = S. | last7 = Onoe | first7 = K. | last8 = Fukuda | first8 = S. | last9 = Kawabe | first9 = J. | last10 = Takahashi | first10 = Kazuhiro | last11 = Kataoka | first11 = Yosky | last12 = Shiomi | first12 = Susumu | last13 = Yamaguti | first13 = Kouzi | last14 = Masaaki | first14 = Inaba | last15 = Kuratsune | first15 = Hirohiko | last16 = Watanabe | first16 = Yasuyoshi | author-link16 = Yasuyoshi Watanabe | date = 2014-06-01 | title = Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET Study | url = http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2967/jnumed.113.131045 | journal = Journal of Nuclear Medicine|language=en | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 945β950|doi=10.2967/jnumed.113.131045|issn=0161-5505}}</ref>
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