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Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)
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[[File:ME-CFS Brain Images.jpg|600px|thumb|right|Top scans: Healthy control patient; Bottom scans: [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) patient]] '''Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder - New York Times: Well (2014)''' is one of many [[ME/CFS]] articles by [[David Tuller]].<ref name="Tuller20141124NYT">{{Cite news |url =http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/brains-of-people-with-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-offer-clues-about-disorder/ | title = Brains of People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Offer Clues About Disorder | last = Tuller | first = David | date = Nov 14, 2014|work=The New York Times - Well | access-date = 2018-11-28| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | language=en|quote=}}</ref> The images document [[neuroinflammation]] which causes many [[Nervous system|neurological]] symptoms experienced by patients. Plainly seen is the result of neuroinflammation's impact on the [[brain]]. == Brain imaging studies mentioned in article == *2014, The [[Stanford ME/CFS Initiative]], directed by Dr. [[Jose Montoya]] and working with Dr. [[Michael Zeineh]] and colleagues, studied the brains of patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS) and healthy people and found distinct differences between the two groups. Radiology researchers have discovered that the brains of patients with [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] have diminished white matter and white matter abnormalities in the right hemisphere.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Zeineh | first = Michael M. | author-link = Michael Zeineh | last2 = Kang | first2 = James | author-link2 = | last3 = Atlas | first3 = Scott W. | author-link3 = | last4 = Raman | first4 = Mira M. | author-link4 = | last5 = Reiss | first5 = Allan L. | author-link5 = | last6 = Norris | first6 = Jane L. | author-link6 = Jane Norris | last7 = Valencia | first7 = Ian | author-link8 = Ian Valencia | last8 = Montoya | first8 = Jose G. | author-link9 = Jose Montoya | date = Feb 2015 | title = Right Arcuate Fasciculus Abnormality in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | url =http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.14141079 | journal = Radiology|language=en | volume = 274 | issue = 2 | pages = 517β526|doi=10.1148/radiol.14141079|issn=0033-8419|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/10/study-finds-brain-abnormalities-in-chronic-fatigue-patients.html | title = Study finds brain abnormalities in chronic fatigue patients | last = Goldman | first = Bruce | author-link = | date = 2014-10-28 | website = Standford University News Center|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status= | access-date = 2020-01-10}}</ref><ref name="Tuller20141124NYT" /> *2014, A Japanese [[PET scan]] study looked at [[neuroinflammation]] in 9 patients with ME/CFS and 10 controls. They measured a protein expressed by activated [[microglia]], and found that values in the cingulate cortex, [[hippocampus]], [[amygdala]], thalamus, midbrain, and pons were 45%β199% higher in ME/CFS patients than in healthy controls. The values in the amygdala, thalamus, and midbrain positively correlated with cognitive impairment score, the values in the cingulate cortex and thalamus positively correlated with pain score, and the value in the hippocampus positively correlated with depression score.<ref name="Nakatomi2014" /><ref name="Tuller20141124NYT" /> == Myalgic encephalomyelitis == [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME) was the original name for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS); the names are often used interchangeably or with the acronym [[ME/CFS]].<ref name="canadianconsensus-CCC">{{Citation | last1 = Carruthers | first1 = Bruce M. | author-link1 = Bruce Carruthers | last2 = Jain | first2 = Anil Kumar | author-link2 = Anil Kumar Jain | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny L. | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | last4 = Peterson | first4 = Daniel L. | author-link4 = Daniel Peterson | last5 = Klimas | first5 = Nancy G. | author-link5 = Nancy Klimas | last6 = Lerner | first6 = A. Martin | author-link6 = Martin Lerner | last7 =Bested | first7 = Alison C. | author-link8 = Alison Bested | last8 = Flor-Henry | first8 = Pierre | author-link8 = Pierre Flor-Henry | last9 =Joshi | first9 = Pradip | author-link9 = Pradip Joshi | last10 = Powles | first10 = AC Peter | author-link10 = A C Peter Powles | last11 = Sherkey | first11 = Jeffrey A. | author-link11 = Jeffrey Sherkey | last12 = van de Sande | first12 = Marjorie I. | author-link12 = Marjorie van de Sande | title = Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols| journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 7-115 | date = 2003 | pmid = | doi = 10.1300/J092v11n01_02| url = http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf}}</ref> The name Myalgic Encephalomyelitis was coined by the ''Lancet'' journal following the [[1955 Royal Free Hospital outbreak]], <ref name="MyalgicEncephalomyelitis-first-coines">{{Cite journal | journal = Lancet | volume = 1 | issue = | pages = 789β790 | date = 1956 | title = A new clinical entity? | url = https://mecfsj.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/lancet_e383a9e383b3e382bbe38383e383881956_me.pdf}}</ref> although it is often wrongly attributed to [[Melvin Ramsay]].<ref name="Speight2013">{{Cite journal | url = https://www.sjmms.net/article.asp?issn=1658-631X;year=2013;volume=1;issue=1;spage=11;epage=13;aulast=Speight | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Review of history, clinical features, and controversies | last = Speight | first = Nigel | author-link = Nigel Speight | date = 2013 | pages = 11-13 | doi=10.4103/1658-631x.112905| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date= | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | journal = Saudi J Med Med Sci}}</ref><ref name="Smith1989">{{Cite book | title = Understanding M.E.: The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome | page = 20 | last = Smith | first = David G | date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = | first = | date = 1957-10-19 | title = An Outbreak of Encephalomyelitis in the Royal Free Hospital Group, London, in 1955 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1962472/ | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 5050 | pages = 895β904|issn=0007-1447|pmid=13472002|via=}}</ref> and is a portmanteau of several of the key signs and symptoms of the disease: myalgic (muscle pain), encephalo (brain), myel (spinal cord), itis (inflammation).<ref name="Terminology">{{Cite web | url = https://www.investinme.org/Article%20010-Encephalopathy%20Hooper.shtml | title = The Terminology of ME & CFS| first = Malcolm | last = Hooper | author-link = Malcolm Hooper}}</ref> The [[central nervous system]] (brain and spinal cord) are inflamed.<ref name="Terminology"/> *''Myalgic adj. - of or relating to [[myalgia]].'' (muscle pain).<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myalgic | title = myalgic|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''Encephalo'': Refers to the [[brain]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/encephaloq- | title = encephalo-|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''-Myel'': Relating to the [[spinal cord]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/myel- | title = myel-|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12}}</ref> *''-Itis'': [[Inflammation]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.thefreedictionary.com/-itis | title = Itis|work=TheFreeDictionary.com | access-date = 2018-08-12 | last = | first = | date = |archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Terminology"/> === Criteria defining ME, CFS, and ME/CFS === {{Main article | page_name = Definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome}} Patients that meet the [[International Consensus Criteria]] (ICC) defining ME are usually more severely impaired than patients that meet the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] (CCC) defining ME/CFS, or the minimum [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease#Diagnostic criteria|core symptoms]] needed to diagnose patients with [[Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease]] (SEID); also an ME/CFS criterion. Researchers believe all patients meeting these criterion, including [[Fukuda criteria]] (with [[post-exertional malaise]] "option") defining CFS, are experiencing brain inflammation.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Morris | first = Gerwyn | author-link = Gerwyn Morris | last2 = Maes | first2 = Michael | author-link2 = Michael Maes | date = Dec 2013 | title = Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics |url =http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-11-205 | journal = BMC Medicine|language=en | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 205|doi=10.1186/1741-7015-11-205|issn=1741-7015|pmc = 3847236|pmid=24229326|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nakatomi | first = Y. | last2 = Mizuno | first2 = K. | last3 = Ishii | first3 = A. | last4 = Wada | first4 = Y. | last5 = Tanaka | first5 = M. | last6 = Tazawa | first6 = S. | last7 = Onoe | first7 = K. | last8 = Fukuda | first8 = S. | last9 = Kawabe | first9 = J. | last10 = Takahashi | first10 = Kazuhiro | last11 = Kataoka | first11 = Yosky | last12 = Shiomi | first12 = Susumu | last13 = Yamaguti | first13 = Kouzi | last14 = Masaaki | first14 = Inaba | last15 = Kuratsune | first15 = Hirohiko | last16 = Watanabe | first16 = Yasuyoshi | author-link16 = Yasuyoshi Watanabe | date = 2014-06-01 | title = Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET Study | url = http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2967/jnumed.113.131045 | journal = Journal of Nuclear Medicine|language=en | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 945β950|doi=10.2967/jnumed.113.131045|issn=0161-5505}}</ref> == See also == * [[Jose Montoya]] * [[Jarred Younger]] * [[Michael Zeineh]] * [[Stanford ME/CFS Initiative]] * [[Neuroimaging]] *[[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI]] *[[Neuroinflammation]] == Learn more == == References == <references> <ref name="Nakatomi2014">{{citation | last1 = Nakatomi | first1 = Yasuhito | author-link1 = | last2 = Mizuno | first2 = Kei | author-link2 = | last3 = Ishii | first3 = Akira| author-link3 = | last4 = Wada | first4 = Yasuhiro | author-link4 = | last5 = Tanaka | first5 = Masaaki | author-link5 = | last6 = Tazawa | first6 = Shusaku | author-link6 = | last7 =Onoe | first7 = Kayo | author-link7 = | last8 = Fukuda | first8 = Sanae| author-link8 = | last9 = Kawabe | first9 = Joji | author-link9 = | last10 = Takahashi | first10 = Kazuhiro | author-link10 = | last11 = Kataoka | first11 = Yosky| author-link11 = | last12 = Shiomi | first12 = Susumu | author-link12 = | last13 = Yamaguti | first13 = Kouzi | author-link13 = | last14 = Inaba | first14 = Masaaki | author-link14 = | last15 = Kuratsune | first15 = Hirohiko | author-link15 = | last16 = Watanabe | first16 = Yasuyoshi | author-link16 = Yasuyoshi Watanabe | title = Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An ΒΉΒΉC-(R)-PK11195 PET Study | journal = Journal of Nuclear Medicine | volume = 55 | issue =6 | page = 945-50 | date = 2014-03-24 | pmid = 24665088 | doi = 10.2967/jnumed.113.131045 | url = http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/55/6/945.long }}</ref> </references> [[Category:News articles]]
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