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Borrelia burgdorferi
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[[File:Borrelia burgdorferi-cropped.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Spirochete, or “corkscrew-shaped” bacteria known as Borrelia burgdorferi]] [[File:Lyme Rash.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A bulls-eye rash from the bite of a deer tick]] '''''Borrelia burgdorferi''''', defined by the [[NIH]], "is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir is a variety of small mammals. Whereas infection of these natural hosts does not lead to disease, infection of humans can result in [[Lyme disease]], as a consequence of the human immunopathological response to ''B. burgdorferi.''"<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Tilly | first = Kit | last2 = Rosa | first2 = Patricia A. | last3 = Stewart | first3 = Philip E. | date = 2008 | title = Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440571/ | journal = Infectious disease clinics of North America | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–234|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2007.12.013|issn=0891-5520|pmid=18452798|via=}}</ref> A bulls-eye rash can appear at the site of a deer tick bite but can be in different forms<ref>{{Cite news |url =http://www.bayarealyme.org/blog/lyme-disease-bullseye-rash/ | title = Does Everyone Get the Telltale Bullseye Rash? {{!}} Bay Area Lyme Foundation | date = 2014-09-12|work=Bay Area Lyme Foundation | access-date = 2018-09-19|language=en-US}}</ref> while some people never recall having a rash. ==Immune response== ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' is recognized by [[toll-like receptor]]s 1 and 2. Mutations in [[TLR1]] are associated with heightened [[Th1]] inflammatory responses and antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Strle | first = Klemen | last2 = Shin | first2 = Junghee J. | last3 = Glickstein | first3 = Lisa J. | last4 = Steere | first4 = Allen C. | date = 2012 | title = Association of a Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism with heightened Th1 inflammatory responses and antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246581 | journal = Arthritis and Rheumatism | volume = 64 | issue = 5 | pages = 1497–1507|doi=10.1002/art.34383|issn=1529-0131|pmid=22246581|via=}}</ref> == See also == *[[Chronic lyme disease]] == Learn more == *[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/d/deer-tick/ About the Deer Tick]<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/d/deer-tick/ | title = Deer Tick {{!}} National Geographic | date = 2010-04-11 | access-date = 2018-09-19}}</ref> == References == [[Category:Infectious agents]] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bacteria]]
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